Differentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary education

Bray, Mark; Song, Zhan; Lykins, Chad; Wang, Dan; Kwo, Ora

doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.10.002

Cited by 114 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Corresponding to children's gender, none of the previous studies have found any discriminations of gender on household expenditure on private tutoring (Bray et al, 2014;Jelani et al, 2014;Dang, 2007). The demand for private tutoring increases along with the increase in education level and types of school.…”

Section: Determinant Of Household Demand For Private Tutoringmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Previous studies show that the effect of mothers' education on the expenditure on private tutoring in Turkey and Vietnam is more dominant than fathers' education (Tansel & Bircan, 2006;Dang, 2007). Meanwhile, fathers' education does not significantly affect the amount of household expenditure on private tutoring in Hong Kong (Bray et al, 2014), and fathers' and mothers' education do not significantly affect the amount of household expenditure on private tutoring in Malaysia (Jelani et al, 2014).…”

Section: Determinant Of Household Demand For Private Tutoringmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This happens due to the fact that households face budget constraints that should be allocated for all family members. A different result is seen in which a larger number of family members does not reduce the household expenditure on private tutoring in Hong Kong (Bray et al, 2014) and Malaysia (Jelani et al, 2014). As the head of a household grows older, it is assumed that there will be more experience.…”

Section: Determinant Of Household Demand For Private Tutoringmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The demand for private tutoring increases along with the increase in education level and types of school. Public schools in Hong Kong positively affect the increase in household demand for private tutoring compared to private schools (Bray et al, 2014).…”

Section: Determinant Of Household Demand For Private Tutoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, private tutoring concentrates more on students' success in school examination or admission to favourite universities (Kim & Lee, 2010;Mori & Baker, 2010). This sector has become a rapidly growing industry and is called 'shadow education', due to its presence that grows along with the development of the educational system applied in a country as a supplement for the lack of existing formal education (Bray et al, 2014).…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Section: Determinant Of Household Demand For Private Tutoringmentioning

confidence: 89%