Differentiating Autism from ADHD in Children and Adolescents Using BASC-3

Zhou, Xuechun; Reynolds, Cecil R.; Zhu, Jianjun; Kamphaus, Randy W.

doi:10.1007/s40817-020-00082-7

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The BASC is a standardized instrument for measuring internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and adaptive skills in young people. It also contains a clinical index comprising specific items referring to developmental social problems, atypicality, and withdrawal that are indicative of the possible presence of ASD (Volker et al 2010 ; Zhou et al 2020 ). The results showed that the children with SM displayed more internalizing symptoms and more problems with adaptive skills than externalizing symptoms.…”

Section: Relations Between Sm and Sad/asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Muris

Ollendick

2021

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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In current classification systems, selective mutism (SM) is included in the broad anxiety disorders category. Indeed, there is abundant evidence showing that anxiety, and social anxiety in particular, is a prominent feature of SM. In this article, we point out that autism spectrum problems in addition to anxiety problems are sometimes also implicated in SM. To build our case, we summarize evidence showing that SM, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are allied clinical conditions and share communalities in the realm of social difficulties. Following this, we address the role of a prototypical class of ASD symptoms, restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs), which are hypothesized to play a special role in the preservation and exacerbation of social difficulties. We then substantiate our point that SM is sometimes more than an anxiety disorder by addressing its special link with ASD in more detail. Finally, we close by noting that the possible involvement of ASD in SM has a number of consequences for clinical practice with regard to its classification, assessment, and treatment of children with SM and highlight a number of directions for future research.

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Section: Relations Between Sm and Sad/asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Muris

Ollendick

2021

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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“…Cluster analyses (i.e., DiStefano et al, 2010; McDermott & Weiss, 1995) or latent profile analyses (LPA; i.e., Flaherty & Kiff, 2012) might also help provide assessment of BASC-3 TRS scale utility. A recent diagnostic utility study by Zhou et al (2020), however, found the BASC-3 Autism Probability Index from the Parent Rating Scales (PRS) and Teacher Rating Scales (TRS) to differentiate individuals with Autism from those with ADHD with Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (area under the curve; AUC) estimates of .85 and .83, respectively. Combinations of the Developmental Social Disorders content scale and the Atypicality and Withdrawal clinical scales for the PRS and TRS also produced AUC estimates of .86 and .84, respectively, in differentiating individuals with Autism from those with ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct validity of the BASC-3 teacher rating scales: Independent hierarchical exploratory factor analyses with the normative sample.

Canivez¹,

Embse²,

McGill³

2021

School Psychology

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The Behavior Assessment System for Children-Third Edition (BASC-3) is the most recent edition and the Teacher Rating Scales (TRS) was reported to be the most frequently used test in school psychology practice. Despite its popularity, there is a lack of independent empirical research regarding psychometric properties. The BASC-3 Manual, while quite detailed in many respects, lacks important details in reporting TRS itemand scale-level factor analyses limiting confidence in construct validity based on internal structure. The present study examined the latent factor structure of the BASC-3 TRS Preschool, Child, and Adolescent Clinical and Adaptive scales using best practices in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA was conducted with the Clinical and Adaptive scales jointly, and with the Clinical scales separately, to aid interpretive clarity. Results indicated theoretically consistent alignment of the BASC-3 TRS Clinical scales to their specified factors (Externalizing, Internalizing, and School Problems) and an additional factor (Social Disengagement) was identified, suggesting a possible new latent construct for a composite scale score containing the Withdrawal and Atypicality scales. Variance partitioning applied to second-order EFA and model-based validity statistics, however, indicated that the composite scales (Externalizing, Internalizing, School Problems, and Social Disengagement) appear to lack sufficient unique variance for confident clinical interpretation in isolation. Impact and ImplicationsThis study reports the first independent evaluation of the dimensions measured by the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Third Edition (BASC-3) Teacher Rating Scales (TRS). Results partially supported the interpretive structure and a possible new dimension (Social Disengagement) was identified.

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“…Children-3 Parent and Child Version (BASC-3, Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2015) This self and caregiver report system is a well validated assessment of behavioural and emotional problems in youth. Recent studies found this measure to sensitively and accurately distinguish autistic characteristics from other disorders, including ADHD (Zhou et al, 2020). Specifically for this study, we used the parent-reported Autism Probability Index (API) comprising items from several BASC scales (e.g., atypicality, social skills, and withdrawal).…”

Section: Behaviour Assessment System Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Autistic characteristics in youth with anorexia nervosa before and after treatment

Susanin

Cooper

Makara

et al. 2022

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Objective: Cognitive characteristics common to autistic individuals are often seen in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), raising the question of whether autistic people and people with AN may share an endophenotype. We need to examine autistic characteristics during the early stages of AN to accurately parse true symptom co-occurrence from behavioural alterations due to prolonged illness. Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis examining autistic characteristics in 59 youth with AN. Adolescents and parents participating in a randomisedclinical trial for AN completed questionnaires probing autistic characteristics at baseline and treatment end. We categorised participants as above or below cut-offs of clinical indicators of autism using the Autism Probability Index (API) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient-10.Results: Rates of high autistic characteristics ranged between 0% and 36% depending on the instrument used and how the data was obtained (i.e., by informant report or self-report). Paternal report of autistic characteristics differed across treatment completers versus non completers and maternal report indicated lower weight gain for those with elevated characteristics. Conclusions:Low rates of autism and fluctuations in autistic features during treatment underscore the importance of longitudinal examinations of autistic characteristics in adolescents with AN. Future studies need to replicate findings in a larger adolescent sample.

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Differentiating Autism from ADHD in Children and Adolescents Using BASC-3

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Construct validity of the BASC-3 teacher rating scales: Independent hierarchical exploratory factor analyses with the normative sample.

Autistic characteristics in youth with anorexia nervosa before and after treatment

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