Differentiating Orienting and Defensive Responses to Concealed Information: The Role of Verbalization

Verschuere, Bruno; Crombez, Geert; Smolders, Lieselot; Clercq, Adelbert De

doi:10.1007/s10484-009-9093-2

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, Verschuere et al. also reported results supporting our suggestion. They conducted a within‐participant experiment by manipulating the mode of verbalization (“Yes” vs. “No” vs. “Silent”).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our predictions are as follows. Differentiated responses to critical and noncritical items will be observed not only in SCR, but also in cardiopulmonary measures because those responses were observed even in the silent condition when questions were presented . On the other hand, differentiated responses accompanying answers will not be observed in SCR because this did not happen in Furedy and Ben‐Shakhar .…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Act of Answering Questions Elicited Differentiated Responses in a Concealed Information Test

Otsuka

Mizutani

Yagi

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concealed information test (CIT), a psychophysiological detection of deception test, compares physiological responses between crime-related and crime-unrelated items. In previous studies, whether the act of answering questions affected physiological responses was unclear. This study examined effects of both question-related and answer-related processes on physiological responses. Twenty participants received a modified CIT, in which the interval between presentation of questions and answering them was 27 s. Differentiated respiratory movements and cardiovascular responses between items were observed for both questions (items) and answers, while differentiated skin conductance response was observed only for questions. These results suggest that physiological responses to questions reflected orientation to a crime-related item, while physiological responses during answering reflected inhibition of psychological arousal caused by orienting. Regarding the CIT's accuracy, participants' perception of the questions themselves more strongly influenced physiological responses than answering them.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Act of Answering Questions Elicited Differentiated Responses in a Concealed Information Test

Otsuka

Mizutani

Yagi

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The higher the proportion of irrelevant items relative to probe items, the greater the SCR CIT effect [Ben-Shakhar, 1977;Ben-Shakhar et al, 1982;Lieblich et al, 1970]. Others, however, could not replicate these findings [Kugelmass et al, 1967;Verschuere et al, 2009a], and in two meta-analyses on moderators of the SCR CIT effect, the factor deception failed to reach significance [Ben-Shakhar and Elaad, 2003;Meijer et al, 2014]. Some researchers found that when guilty suspects were required to actively deceive during the test (i.e., deny probe knowledge by responding "No" to every item) the SCR CIT effect was larger compared to when suspects were not required to actively deceive [i.e., give no responses or respond "Yes" to every item; see e.g., Elaad and Ben-Shakhar, 1989;Furedy and Ben-Shakhar, 1991;Gustafson and Orne, 1965;Horneman and O'Gorman, 1985].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Manipulating item proportion and deception reveals crucial dissociation between behavioral, autonomic, and neural indices of concealed information

Suchotzki

Verschuere

Peth

et al. 2014

Human Brain Mapping

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Developed as an alternative to traditional deception detection methods, the concealed information test (CIT) assesses recognition of critical (e.g., crime-relevant) "probes." Most often, recognition has been measured as enhanced skin conductance responses (SCRs) to probes compared to irrelevant foils (CIT effect). More recently, also differentially enlarged reaction times (RTs) and increased neural activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the right middle frontal gyrus, and the right temporo-parietal junction have been observed. The aims of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study were to (1) investigate the boundary conditions of the CIT effects in all three measures and thereby (2) gain more insight into the relative contribution of two mechanisms underlying enhanced responding to concealed information (i.e., orienting versus response inhibition). Therefore, we manipulated the proportion of probe versus irrelevant items, and whether suspects were instructed to actively deny recognition of probe knowledge (i.e., deceive) during the test. Results revealed that whereas overt deception was not necessary for the SCR CIT effect, it was crucial for the RT and the fMRI-based CIT effects. The proportion manipulation enhanced the CIT effect in all three measures. The results indicate that different mental processes might underlie the response pattern in the CIT. While skin conductance responding to concealed information may best be explained by orienting theory, it seems that response inhibition drives RT and blood oxygen level dependent responding to concealed information.

show abstract

“…Finally, Ambach, Stark, Peper, and Vaitl (2008b) examined the effect of overt deception on the CIT's outcomes by requiring their participants to answer either deceptively or truthfully four seconds after item presentation (see also Verschuere, Crombez, Smolders, & De Clercq, 2009). Specifically, participants were motivated through the promise of a reward to perform the CIT task as well as possible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Orienting versus inhibition in the Concealed Information Test: Different cognitive processes drive different physiological measures

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Concealed Information Test (CIT) provides a valid tool for psychophysiological detection of concealed knowledge. However, its precise theoretical underpinnings remain a matter of debate. The differential physiological responses elicited by concealed, relevant items, relative to control items, were traditionally explained as reflecting an Orienting Response (OR). According to an alternative account, these responses reflect attempts to inhibit arousal. The present study examined whether and to what extent CIT detection efficiency is affected by instructions aimed at manipulating Arousal Inhibition (AI). One-hundred and forty-seven undergraduate students completed a CIT, while electrodermal, cardiac and respiratory measures were recorded. Half of the participants were requested to imagine that they are suspected of committing a crime and were motivated to avoid detection (presumably eliciting both OR and AI), while the other half were requested to imagine that they are witnesses of a crime and were motivated to be detected (presumably eliciting OR only). All participants were further requested to remain silent throughout the test. In both conditions, concealed items led to a similar increase in skin conductance as compared to the control items. However, the typically observed heart rate deceleration and respiratory suppression were found in suspects, but not in witnesses. These data imply that different mechanisms drive the responding of different psychophysiological measures used in the CIT, with skin conductance reflecting OR, and heart rate and respiration primarily reflecting AI.

show abstract

Differentiating Orienting and Defensive Responses to Concealed Information: The Role of Verbalization

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

The Act of Answering Questions Elicited Differentiated Responses in a Concealed Information Test

The Act of Answering Questions Elicited Differentiated Responses in a Concealed Information Test

Manipulating item proportion and deception reveals crucial dissociation between behavioral, autonomic, and neural indices of concealed information

Orienting versus inhibition in the Concealed Information Test: Different cognitive processes drive different physiological measures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About