Differentiation of essential oils in Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes koreana by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

Abstract

Atractylodes rhizome is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb that comprises complex several species whose essential oils are the primary pharmacologically active component. Essential oils of Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes koreana were extracted by hydrodistillation, and the yield was determined. The average yield of essential oil obtained from A. lancea (2.91%) was higher than that from A. koreana (2.42%). The volatile components of the essential oils were then identified by a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method that demonstrated good precision. The method showed clear differences in the numbers and contents of volatile components between the two species. 41 and 45 volatile components were identified in A. lancea and A. koreana, respectively. Atractylon (48.68%) was the primary volatile component in A. lancea, while eudesma-4(14)-en-11-ol (11.81%) was major in A. koreana. However, the most significant difference between A. lancea and A. koreana was the major component of atractylon and atractydin. Principal component analysis was utilized to reveal the correlation between volatile components and species, and the analysis was used to successfully discriminate between A. lancea and A. koreana samples. These results suggest that different species of Atractylodes rhizome may yield essential oils that differ significantly in content and composition.

Oligosaccharide-based quality evaluation of Atractylodis rhizome and a strategy for simplifying its quality control

“…It is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Hubei province. It has been firstly reported in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, the earliest masterpiece about Chinese medicine [6], reputed to invigorate the spleen and eliminate dampness. And it is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, influenza, digestive disorders and other diseases in clinical [7].…”

“…Therefor many cultivated varieties were also used as Atractylodis rhizome in the market. There have been studies showed that there are obvious differences of volatile components and oxygenous sesquiterpenoid in A. lancea and cultivated varieties [3, 6].…”

Genome survey sequencing ofAtractylodes lanceaand identification of its SSR markers

“…DC., which belongs to the Asteraceae (Compositae) plant family, has been widely used as traditional medicine in many countries, including China and Japan. The main pharmacologically active components of A. lancea are present in the volatile oils and include atractylon, atractylodin, hinesol and β-eudesmol [ 1 , 2 ]. Previous pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the extract and chemical constituents of A. lancea have promising anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial effects and have been used as a remedy for gastritis and gastric ulcers [ 3–5 ].…”

The complete chloroplast genome of Atractylodes koreana (Nakai) Kitam and its phylogenetic analysis

“…In addition, there are several easily confused species of the Atractylodes genus that have been used as the adulterants of 'Cangzhu' in the northeast China, such as Atractylodes koreana (Nakai) Kitam (Linrong 1987). However, the primary components obtained from A. lancea and A. koreana are significantly different, importantly the contents of atractylon and atractylodin (Liu et al 2016). In this study, we characterized the structure of the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. koreana and analyzed its phylogenetic relationship with other species in Atractylodes genus.…”

“…However, the primary components obtained from A. lancea and A. koreana are significantly different, importantly the contents of atractylon and atractylodin (Liu et al. 2016 ). In this study, we characterized the structure of the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. koreana and analyzed its phylogenetic relationship with other species in Atractylodes genus.…”