Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix as a tissue engineered nerve scaffold

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for supporting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells following induction with neural differentiation medium. We performed long-term, continuous observation of cell morphology, growth, differentiation, and neuronal development using several microscopy techniques in conjunction with immunohistochemistry. We examined specific neuronal proteins and Nissl bodies involved in the differentiation process in order to determine the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix display neuronal morphology with unipolar and bi/multipolar neurite elongations that express neuronal-specific proteins, including βIII tubulin. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grown on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix and induced for long periods of time with neural differentiation medium differentiated into a multilayered neural network-like structure with long nerve fibers that was composed of several parallel microfibers and neuronal cells, forming a complete neural circuit with dendrite-dendrite to axon-dendrite to dendrite-axon synapses. In addition, growth cones with filopodia were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Paraffin sectioning showed differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the typical features of neuronal phenotype, such as a large, round nucleus and a cytoplasm full of Nissl bodies. The data suggest that the biological scaffold fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix is capable of supporting human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into functional neurons and the subsequent formation of tissue engineered nerve.

Transdentinal photobiostimulation of stem cells from human exfoliated primary teeth

“…Tissue regeneration has been an important field of investigation in recent years and there has been considerable progress in treatments and techniques for various tissues, such as bone (Vimalraj & Selvamurugan 2014), muscle (Montoya et al 2015) and neuronal tissue (Feng et al 2014). However, only limited data are available for pulpal tissue.…”

Application potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) based tissue-engineering for spinal cord defect repair in rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta

“…Our study used immunofluorescence in frozen transverse sections of spinal vertebra found that transplanted BMSCs in chitosan–gelatin scaffolds in vivo can be respectively differentiation into neuronal stem cells and neurons, and the defective tissue were filled with not only the transplanted chitosan–gelatin scaffold and GFP labelled BMSCs, but also many kinds of surrounding niche cells. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neuronal cells on a tissue engineered nerve scaffold [ 56 ]. Our previous studys’ results show that MSCs survived, migrated and was able to differentiate into neural lineage cells [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes

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