Diffusion and solubility of HCl in ice: preliminary results

Abstract

The diffusion and solubility of HCl in ice have been measured between −5 and −15°C by exposing large single crystals of ice to low vapor pressures of HCl for several days. The solubility is found to be (1.0±0.15) × 10−4 mol/1 at −15°C under a 5.6×10−4 Pa HCl partial pressure. The diffusion coefficient is of the order of 10−12 cm2s−1 at −8°C, but the determination of the value is affected by small angle boundaries, where HCl motion is much faster. Extrapolation of these results suggests that HCl is not incorporated into stratospheric ice crystals.

Laboratory evidence for enhanced infiltration of ion load during snowmelt

“…The calculations assume that all Na + and Cl − in solution are excluded from the ice lattice, as the solubility of ions in ice is much less than in water (e.g., Smith and Haymet, 2004;Blackford et al, 2007); almost negligible. This assumption seems reasonable as reported solubility of HCl in ice range between 1 and 10 4 mmol m −3 (e.g., Dominé et al, 1994); a very small amount compared to the concentration of Cl − in the here used solutions.…”

Experimental isotherms of HCl on H2O ice under stratospheric conditions: Connections between bulk and interfacial thermodynamics

“…12,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] There is considerable contention regarding the experiments on diffusion within thin ice films. 35,36 This has nevertheless been convincingly worked out by careful analysis of temperature dependence, thermodynamics, and, most importantly, the crucial role of ice sample morphology by Domine et al, 29,30,36 who favor a stratospheric value of Dϳ10 Ϫ17 cm 2 /s. There is a similar 1000-fold discrepancy in the literature on HCl solubility in H 2 O ice under stratospheric conditions, varying from mole fractions of 10 Ϫ2 -10 Ϫ5 .…”

Sticking of HCl to ice at hyperthermal energies: Dependence on incidence energy, incidence angle, and surface temperature

“…17 A wide range of experiments has been performed to study the sticking of HCl to ice surfaces [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and the reaction between HCl and ClONO 2 on ice surfaces. 31,[37][38][39][40] The experiments performed on the HCl-ice system have shown that the uptake of HCl on the ice surface under stratospheric conditions ͑Tϭ188 K, partial pressure of HClϭ10 Ϫ7 Torr͒ is limited.…”