Diffusion of Ions in Soils

Schofield, R. K.; Graham‐Bryce, I. J.

doi:10.1038/1881048a0

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Two processes of mass-flow in the water absorbed by plant and diffusion of ions were involved, which could act differently across spatial and temporal scales. Factors, such as soil water content (Danielson and Russell 1957;Mederski and Wilson 1960), transpiration ratio (Brouwer 1954), relative extent of root system, concentration gradient at root interface (Barber 1962) and soil texture (Schofield and Graham 1960), could strongly affect the uptake of nutrients by plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen acquisition strategies used by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis in temperate steppes

Tian

Ouyang

et al. 2016

Biol Fertil Soils

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Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis are two important plant species of temperate steppes in Inner Mongolia of North China. They differ in their life forms, e.g., L. chinensis is a type of rhizomatous clonal grass, whereas S. grandis is a type of tussock grass. Here we hypothesize that both plant species possess distinct nitrogen (N) acquisition strategies for their growth and survival. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a four-factor experimental field study using a short-term (three hours) 15 N labeling technique in two plant communities mono-dominated by L. chinensis and S. grandis of the temperate steppes over two months (July and August) and at two soil depths. In both of communities, L. chinensis and S. grandis directly absorbed all three of the common forms of N, including substantial portions of N-derived from glycine (organic and inorganic forms) ranged from 2.7 to 17.8 %, although they absorbed more inorganic N. Nitrogen uptake rates showed significant effects of communities, months, soil depths, and N forms. The uptake rate was higher in August than in July and at 0-5 cm than at 5-15 cm soil depths. L. chinensis and S. grandis showed different preference on N form across months. L. chinensis shifted its uptake pattern from more nitrate (NO 3 − ) in July to more ammonium (NH 4 + ) in August, whereas S. grandis took up comparable NH 4 + and NO 3 − in both months. In general, L. chinensis showed a more flexible N acquisition strategy and S. grandis performed a more concentrated and relatively more stable N acquisition strategy. The distinct N acquisition strategies used by L. chinensis and S. grandis varied greatly across different months and soil depths. These findings are more helpful in further understanding the plasticity of nutrient utilization issues of different plant species in response to N-limited conditions of grassland ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen acquisition strategies used by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis in temperate steppes

Tian

Ouyang

et al. 2016

Biol Fertil Soils

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“…On the other hand, precise measurement of the dimensions of the system and of the quantities of ions transferred becomes much more difficult for a small apparatus. The method used for this work has been described previously (Schofield & Graham-Bryce, 1960;Graham-Bryce, 1963) and makes use of the fact tliat if a layer of soil containing radioactive tracer of the ion under investigation is placed in contact with an exactly similar layer without tracer, the radioactive concentration at the boundary immediately falls to half that of the initially active soil and remains at this value as a result of the diffusion of the tracer. If a thin permeable ion-exchange membrane which has previously been prepared in equilibrium with half the initial tracer concentration in the radioactive section is used to separate the two layers, the movement of ions in the soil is affected to a negligible extent provided the rate of diffusion in the membrane is fast enough relative to that in the soil, and provided the exchange capacity of the membrane is higher than that of the soil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of moisture content and soil type on self diffusion of ⁸⁶Rb in soils

Graham‐Bryce

1963

J. Agric. Sci.

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Self-diffusion coefficients (D) for Rb+ have been measured in a heteroionic Lower Greensand soil over a wide range of moisture contents at three different compactions. The moisture content is shown to have a considerable effect on the value of the self-diffusion coefficient, a rapid rise in the value of D taking place between 5 and 10% moisture content. It is shown that this effect is not simply due to the increased volume of water-filled pore space at higher moisture contents, and other possible factors which could influence the shape of the diffusion coefficient/moisture content curve are discussed. Diffusion coefficients for Rb+ in eight other soils at pF 2 are also reported, but no simple correlation with any of several soil properties measured could be found. A value of 1·0 × 10−7cm2/sec. would seem to be a reasonable generalization for the self-diffusion coefficient of Rb+ in moist calcium-dominated soils.

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“…The values of the 'apparent' bulk diffusion coefficients, D', presented in Table z were calculated from the equation of Schofield and Graham-Bryce (1965) D' = ( r / t ) .…”

Section: Bulk Digusion Coeflcientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Phosphate Applications on the Diffusion Coefficients and Available Phosphate in an Acid Soil

Kunishi

Taylor

1975

Journal of Soil Science

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The apparent bulk phosphate self-diffusion coefficient, resin extractable and isotopically exchangeable phosphate were measured on an acid Cecil sandy loam soil pre-treated with calcium carbonate and monocalcium phosphate. Apparent diffusion coefficients increased four-fold with a five-fold increase in phosphate addition, but were not increased by liming. Resin extractable phosphate was greater than isotopically exchangeable after large phosphate additions. Calculated porous self-diffusion coefficients did not change as a result of phosphate additions. The contribution of solid-phase phosphate to diffusion was small and close to the limits of measurement.

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Diffusion of Ions in Soils

Cited by 21 publications

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Nitrogen acquisition strategies used by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis in temperate steppes

Nitrogen acquisition strategies used by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis in temperate steppes

Effect of moisture content and soil type on self diffusion of ⁸⁶Rb in soils

The Effect of Phosphate Applications on the Diffusion Coefficients and Available Phosphate in an Acid Soil

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Diffusion of Ions in Soils

Cited by 21 publications

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Nitrogen acquisition strategies used by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis in temperate steppes

Nitrogen acquisition strategies used by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis in temperate steppes

Effect of moisture content and soil type on self diffusion of 86Rb in soils

The Effect of Phosphate Applications on the Diffusion Coefficients and Available Phosphate in an Acid Soil

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Effect of moisture content and soil type on self diffusion of ⁸⁶Rb in soils