Diffusion Tensor Tractography of the Motor White Matter Tracts in Man: Current Controversies and Future Directions

Holodny, Andrei I.; Watts, Richard; Korneinko, Valeri N.; Pronin, Igor; Zhukovsky, M E; Gor, Devang M.; Ulug, Aziz M.

doi:10.1196/annals.1340.016

Cited by 55 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[37][38][39] The cingulum, which was reduced in preterm male subjects compared with control subjects, is involved in visual-spatial attention, sensorimotor function, and executive control according to both human and animal models. [40][41][42] Well-established primary motor and sensorimotor pathways including precentral gyrus, corticospinal and corticopontine tracts, superior thalamic radiation, middle cerebellar peduncle, basal ganglia, internal capsule, and corona radiata [43][44][45] also were significantly reduced in our sample of preterm male subjects. Boys born prematurely are known to be more likely to have moderate to severe cerebral palsy compared with girls, 46 and male sex has been related to poor general neuromotor behavior outcome at age 7 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Brain Volume Reductions within Multiple Cognitive Systems in Male Preterm Children at Age Twelve

Kesler

Reiss

Vohr

et al. 2008

The Journal of Pediatrics

136

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Objectives-To more precisely examine regional and subregional microstructural brain changes associated with preterm birth.Study design-We obtained brain volumes from 29 preterm children, age 12 years, with no ultrasound scanning evidence of intraventricular hemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia in the newborn period, and 22 age-and sex-matched term control subjects.Results-Preterm male subjects demonstrated significantly lower white matter volumes in bilateral cingulum, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, prefrontal cortex, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi compared with term male subjects. Gray matter volumes in prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and temporal lobe also were significantly reduced in preterm male subjects. Brain volumes of preterm female subjects were not significantly different from those of term female control subjects. Voxel-based morphometry results were not correlated with perinatal variables or cognitive outcome. Higher maternal education was associated with higher cognitive performance in preterm male subjects. Conclusions-Pretermmale children continue to demonstrate abnormal neurodevelopment at 12 years of age. However, brain morphology in preterm female children may no longer differ from that of term female children. The neurodevelopmental abnormalities we detected in preterm male subjects appear to be relatively diffuse, involving multiple neural systems. The relationship between aberrant neurodevelopment and perinatal variables may be mediated by genetic factors, environmental factors, or both reflected in maternal education level.Children born prematurely are at risk for cognitive impairments with deficits in executive functioning, language, visual-motor integration, attention, and scholastic performance. 1 Although neuroimaging studies have begun to provide an initial picture of the neural correlates of preterm birth, 2-7 additional studies are needed to more precisely elucidate the functional neuroanatomy underlying cognitive dysfunction in affected children. In this study, we aimed to more precisely examine regional and subregional microstructural changes associated with this injury to the developing brain by using our 12-year-old prematurely born cohort. We hypothesized that preterm birth would result in long-lasting changes in brain development. Extending our earlier studies, this analysis used voxel-based Several VBM studies of preterm birth have been conducted. 9-12 However, we used VBM analyses as part of a unique, multimodal study of neurodevelopment in preterm children that included semi-automated volumetric and manual region of interest measurements on the basis of specific gyral boundaries to confirm our VBM findings. METHODS SubjectsAll subjects were enrolled in the follow-up component of the Multicenter Randomized Indomethacin IVH Prevention Trial. 13 The preterm subjects were sequentially recruited for the MRI study when they reached 12 years of age. The preterm cohort consisted of children with no ultrasound scanning evidence of intraven...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Brain Volume Reductions within Multiple Cognitive Systems in Male Preterm Children at Age Twelve

Kesler

Reiss

Vohr

et al. 2008

The Journal of Pediatrics

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, symmetrical white matter injury close to the ventricle (leg fibers of the pyramidal systems are closest to the ventricles) is likely to be associated with diparesis, and involvement of broader areas of white matter, including areas further from the ventricle subserving arms, is likely to be associated with quadriparesis ( [62], [63], [64]). As a result, children with diparesis have brain lesions that are less likely to be located in white matter association areas that may impair cognition and they have lower rates of microcephaly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Algorithm for Identifying and Classifying Cerebral Palsy in Young Children

Kuban

Allred

O’Shea

et al. 2008

The Journal of Pediatrics

105

104

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Objective-To develop an algorithm based on data obtained with a reliable, standardized neurological examination, and report the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) subtypes (diparesis, hemiparesis, and quadriparesis) in a cohort of 2-year-old children born before 28 weeks gestation.Study design-We compared children with CP subtypes on extent of handicap and frequency of microcephaly, cognitive impairment, and screening positive for autism.Results-Of the 1056 children evaluated, 11.4% (120) were given an algorithm-based classification of CP. Of these children, 31% had diparesis, 17% had hemiparesis, and 52% had quadriparesis. Children with quadriparesis were 9 times more likely than children with diparesis (76% versus 8%) to be more highly impaired and 5 times more likely than children with diparesis to be microcephalic (43% versus 8%). They were more than twice as likely as children with diparesis to have an MDI score below 70 (75% versus 34%), and had the highest rate of MCHAT positivity (76%) compared with children with diparesis (30%) and children without CP (18%).Conclusion-We developed an algorithm that classifies CP subtypes, which should permit comparison among studies. Extent of gross motor dysfunction and rates of co-morbidities are highest among children with quadriparesis and lowest among children with diparesis.

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“…Previous studies suggest that fiber tracking of the motor tracts is inadequate in the lateral portions of the corticobulbar/spinal tract, 34,35 such as the mouth and tongue fiber tracts, and that these tracts can, therefore, not be successfully mapped by DT tractography. Holodny et al 36 reported that the corticobulbar tract (CBT) is probably too small to trace because when fibers cross, the fiber tracking algorithm will preferentially track the larger tract (ie, the CST or the longitudinal fasciculus). However, Thomas et al 37 successfully tracked the CBT in 5 patients with hemiparetic cerebral palsy in both hemispheres, by placing regions of interest in the internal capsule and in the cerebral peduncle and pons and by optimizing the angular deflection threshold.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Functional MR Imaging into Diffusion Tensor Tractography in the Preoperative Assessment of the Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Brain Tumors

Smits¹,

Vernooij²,

Wielopolski³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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Diffusion Tensor Tractography of the Motor White Matter Tracts in Man: Current Controversies and Future Directions

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Brain Volume Reductions within Multiple Cognitive Systems in Male Preterm Children at Age Twelve

Brain Volume Reductions within Multiple Cognitive Systems in Male Preterm Children at Age Twelve

An Algorithm for Identifying and Classifying Cerebral Palsy in Young Children

Incorporating Functional MR Imaging into Diffusion Tensor Tractography in the Preoperative Assessment of the Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Brain Tumors

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