Digenean parasites of deep-sea teleosts: a review and case studies of intrageneric phylogenies

Bray, Rodney A.; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.; Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Williams, B. A. O.; Henderson, Robert

doi:10.1017/s0031182000084687

Cited by 83 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904, Neolepidapedon Manter, 1954 and Profundivermis Bray et Gibson, 1991: Lepidapedon is recovered as monophyletic in the analyses not including nad1 data, but in the combined analyses the other genera are embedded in it, reflecting the results found before with these data (Bray et al 1999). In the nad1-only tree the lepocreadiine Prodistomum priedei Bray et Merrett, 1998 is embedded within Lepidapedon (Fig.…”

Section: Cadenatellinae Gibson Et Bray 1982supporting

confidence: 64%

“…The frequent finding of members of this clade (not sequenced) in Antarctic continental shelf fishes (see Zdzitowiecki 1997) indicate that the adaptation may also be for cold waters. One strange result, repeating the finding by Bray et al (1999), is that in contrast to the combined lsrDNA+nad1 analysis and lsrDNA only analysis, in the nad1 only tree the lepocreadiine Prodistomum priedei is clustered within Lepidapedon. Why nuclear and mitochondrial genes would yield such strikingly different results is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Deep-sea: Bray et al (1999) studied the evolution of clades of digeneans apparently adapted to the deep-sea. They used the fellodistomid genus Steringophorus Odhner, 1905 and the lepocreadiid genus Lepidapedon along with outgroups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lepocreadioids also include the group of worms which dominate the digenean fauna of really deepsea (>1,000 m) fishes (Bray 1995(Bray , 2004Klimpel et al 2001). Evidence presented by Bray et al (1999) indicated that a large clade of lepocreadiids has radiated in the deep-sea and that within this clade, shallow-water life-styles are secondarily derived. Considering the size of the superfamily, with about 95 genera, little is known of such important biological characteristics as the life-cycle, development and distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to resolve further the interrelationships of the Lepocreadiidae, we chose to add to the existing published data for partial (D1-D3) nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (lsrDNA) and partial mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes (Bray et al 1999). The lsrDNA fragment has provided substantial resolution for a number of phylogenetic estimates of digeneans (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The phylogeny of the Lepocreadioidea (Platyhelminthes, Digenea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes: Implications for their systematics and evolution

Bray

Waeschenbach

Cribb

et al. 2009

Acta Parasitologica

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The phylogenetic relationships of representative species of the superfamily Lepocreadioidea were assessed using partial lsrDNA and nad1 sequences. Forty-two members of the family Lepocreadiidae, six putative members of the Enenteridae, six gyliauchenid species and one Gorgocephalidae, were studied along with 22 species representing 8 families. The Lepocreadioidea is found to be monophyletic, except for the two species of the putative enenterid genus Cadenatella, which are found to be only distantly related to the lepocreadioids. The Lepocreadioidea is formed of five clades in a polytomy, the Gorgocephalidae, a clade containing the Enenteridae and Gyliauchenidae, a small clade of atypical lepocreadiines and the deep-sea lepidapedine lepocreadiids, a small clade consisting of a freshwater form and a group of shallow-water putative lepidapedines and the final clade includes the remaining lepocreadiids. Thus, the generally accepted concept of the Lepocreadiidae is polyphyletic. The Enenteridae (minus Cadenatella) and the Gyliauchenidae are jointly and individually monophyletic, and are sister groups. The nad1 gene on its own places a deep-sea lepocreadiine with the deep-sea lepidapedines, whereas lsrDNA, combined sequences and morphology place this deep-sea lepocreadiine within a group of typical lepocreadiids. It could not be demonstrated that a significant proportion of sites in the nad1 gene evolved under positive selection; this anomalous relationship therefore remains unexplained. Most deep-sea species are in a monophyletic group, a few of which also occur in shallow waters, retaining some characters of the deep-sea clade. Many lepocreadioid species infect herbivorous fish, and it may be that the recently discovered life-cycle involving a bivalve first intermediate host and metacercariae encysted on vegetation is a common life-cycle pattern. The host relationships show no indication of co-speciation, although the host-spectrums exhibited are not random, with related worms tending to utilize related hosts. There are, however, many exceptions. Morphology is found to be of limited value in indicating higher level relationships. For example, even with the benefit of hindsight the gyliauchenids show little morphological similarity to their sister group, the Enenteridae.

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Section: Cadenatellinae Gibson Et Bray 1982supporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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