Digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass fertilized at two levels of nitrogen by lactating dairy cows

Peyraud, J. L.; Astigarraga, Laura; Faverdin, Philippe

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(96)01056-5

Cited by 85 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This level of ammonia was in turn directly related to the relatively high content in crude protein of grass harvested by the cows. On the contrary, Peyraud et al [31] and Delagarde et al [9] observed a lower fibre digestibility (6 percentage units lower) and very low ruminal ammonia levels when feeding low N grass to dairy cows. This indicates that the crude protein content in the diet might have had a limited intake in the study of Delagarde et al [9].…”

Section: N Fertilisationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Total bites per day were calculated as the product of grazing time (automatically recorded) and mean biting rate. were frozen for NH 3 and VFA analysis according to the procedure described by Peyraud et al [31]. A further sample (9 mL) was centrifuged to 3000 g for 20 min and filtered through a 0.2 µm pore membrane to measure osmolarity with a cryoscopic osmometer (Hemann Roebling, Berlin, Germany).…”

Section: Animal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic matter (OM), N, NDF and ADF in the feedstuffs and faeces, and NH 3 and VFA in ruminal fluid were analysed as described by Peyraud et al [31]. Chromic oxide content in faecal samples was estimated following acid digestion using the method of Mathieson and Davidson [24] modified by Poncet and Rayssiguier [33] to an auto-analyser (Technicon).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The voluntary dry matter intake, the digestibility and the quantity of N entering in the intestines seems to be little affected by the level of N fertilisation [11,31,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

2002

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-The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the level of reducing nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate on herbage intake and N balance of dairy cows grazing a pure perennial ryegrass pasture. The addition of a protein supplement to cows grazing the low N fertilised sward was also evaluated. Three treatments were compared over three periods of 2 weeks using 9 fistulated cows in a 3 × 3 Latin square design: HN (80 kg N·ha -1 ·regrowth -1 ), LN (0-20 kg N·ha -1 ·regrowth -1 ), LN+S (LN + 2 kg of soybean meal (SBM)). Daily herbage organic matter (OM) intake was estimated by chromic oxide dilution in the faeces. Nitrogen and ADF contents in faecal OM were used to estimate the herbage digestibility. Herbage mass, grazing behaviour and rumen fermentation pattern were measured. Nitrogen intake was estimated by the chemical composition of the defoliated herbage and urinary N was calculated by subtracting milk N and faecal N output from N intake. Digestibility (0.79), daily intake (16.4 kg OM), grazing time (512 min) and the proportion of volatile fatty acid were not affected by reducing the N fertiliser rate. These results may be explained by the moderate effect of N fertilisation on herbage mass which remained high in the LN swards (3.9 vs. 4.7 t OM·ha -1 for HN) and the rather large herbage allowance which allowed the cows to graze a herbage with a crude protein content that still remained higher than 160 g·kg -1 DM. On the LN sward, N intake was significantly lower (-80 g·d -1 ) (P < 0.01), faecal N and milk N output remained unchanged, whereas urine N output decreased (-77 g·d -1 ) (P < 0.01). Protein supplementation did not depress HOMI or grazing time, supplemented cows consumed 2.4 kg OM more (P < 0.01) and this increased milk yield by 1.3 kg·kg -1 SBM (P < 0.01). SBM supplementation largely increased N intake, and finally N excreted in the urine. It was concluded that N fertilisation, and N supplementation are efficient means to manipulate animal performances and N balance in grazing dairy cows. . Res. 51 (2002) 279-293  INRA, EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/animres:2002022Résumé -Influence du niveau de fertilisation azotée et de la complémentation azotée sur l'ingestion et le bilan azoté des vaches laitières pâturant du ray-grass anglais. L'effet du niveau de fertilisation azotée et de la complémentation avec du tourteau de soja (50 % normal et 50 % tanné) a été étudié chez des vaches laitières pâturant un ray-grass anglais. Trois traitements ont été comparés avec 9 vaches fistulées au niveau du rumen, selon un schéma en carré latin 3 × 3 sur des périodes de 2 semaines : HN (80 kg N·ha -1 ·cycle -1 ), LN (0-20 kg N·ha -1 ·cycle -1 ), LN+S (LN + 2 kg de tourteau de soja (SBM)). Les quantités d'herbe ingérée ont été calculées en mesurant la quantité de fèces par dilution de l'oxyde de chrome et en estimant la digestibilité de l'herbe ingérée à partir de la teneur en N et en ADF des fèces. L'azote ingéré a été estimé à partir de la composition chimique de l'herbe dé-foliée et l'azote urinaire a été ...

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Section: N Fertilisationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Animal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The voluntary dry matter intake, the digestibility and the quantity of N entering in the intestines seems to be little affected by the level of N fertilisation [11,31,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

2002

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“…The aim of these trials was to study the effect of concentrate or maize silage supplementation on the intake of cows fed perennial ryegrass (24 data, 9 data, Delagarde and Peyraud, 1995;8 data, J.L. Peyraud, unpublished), the effect of ryegrass nitrogen fertilization levels on digestion and intake of lactating dairy cows (8 data, Peyraud et al, 1997), the effect of white clover stage of regrowth on its in vivo digestibility (16 data, J.L. Peyraud, unpublished), the effect of supplementation of white clover with wheat and beet pulp on digestibility (12 data, J.L.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of water intake and excretion flows in Holstein dairy cows under thermoneutral conditions

Khelil-Arfa

Boudon

Maxin

et al. 2012

animal

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The increase in the worldwide demand for dairy products, associated with global warming, will emphasize the issue of water use efficiency in dairy systems. The evaluation of environmental issues related to the management of animal dejections will also require precise biotechnical models that can predict effluent management in farms. In this study, equations were developed and evaluated for predicting the main water flows at the dairy cow level, based on parameters related to cow productive performance and diet under thermoneutral conditions. Two datasets were gathered. The first one comprised 342 individual measurements of water balance in dairy cows obtained during 18 trials at the experimental farm of Mé jussaume (INRA, France). Predictive equations of water intake, urine and fecal water excretion were developed by multiple regression using a stepwise selection of regressors from a list of seven candidate parameters, which were milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI), body weight, diet dry matter content (DM), proportion of concentrate (CONC) and content of crude protein (CP) ingested with forage and concentrate (CPf and CPc, g/kg DM). The second dataset was used for external validation of the developed equations and comprised 196 water flow measurements on experimental lots obtained from 43 published papers related to water balance or digestibility measurements in dairy cows. Although DMI was the first predictor of the total water intake (TWI), with a partial r 2 of 0.51, DM was the first predictive parameter of free water intake (FWI), with a partial r 2 of 0.57, likely due to the large variability of DM in the first dataset (from 11.5 to 91.4 g/100 g). This confirmed the compensation between water drunk and ingested with diet when DM changes. The variability of urine volume was explained mainly by the CPf associated with DMI (r.s.d. 5.4 kg/day for an average flow of 24.0 kg/day) and that of fecal water was explained by the proportion of CONC in the diet and DMI. External validation showed that predictive equations excluding DMI as predictive parameters could be used for FWI, urine and fecal water predictions if cows were fed a well-known total mixed ration. It also appeared that TWI and FWI were underestimated when ambient temperature increased above 258C and possible means of including climatic parameters in future predictive equations were proposed.

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Fatty acid ruminal metabolism and digestibility in cows fed perennial ryegrass

Doreau

Rearte

Portelli

et al. 2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass fertilized at two levels of nitrogen by lactating dairy cows

Cited by 85 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

Prediction of water intake and excretion flows in Holstein dairy cows under thermoneutral conditions

Fatty acid ruminal metabolism and digestibility in cows fed perennial ryegrass

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