Digit Span Changes From Puberty to Old Age Under Different Levels of Education

Karakaş, Sirel; Yalin, Ayşe; Irak, Metehan; Erzengin, Ömer Utku

doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2202_1

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Visual Aural Digit Span Test–Revised (VADS‐R) was based on the Visual Aural Digit Span (VADS) Test 17 . VADS Test was originally designed as a diagnostic tool for assessing reading and learning disabilities in primary school children and is specifically used for measuring attention span 18,19 . The VADS‐R was standardized for Turkish children between the ages of 6–11 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent attention deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Kılıç

Şener

Koçkar

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The aim of this study was to examine the specific aspects of attention, such as selective attention, sustained attention, and short-term memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined subtype (ADHD-C).A total of 40 children with a diagnosis of ADHD from the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, aged 6-11 years old were compared with 40 controls matched for age and gender on a battery of tests. Short-term memory span and attention was measured by Visual Aural Digit Span Test-Revised. Stroop test and the Turkish version of Cancellation Test were used to assess selective and sustained attention, respectively. In order to check for factor structure in two groups on the test scores, principal component analysis was conducted for both groups separately. Relative to the comparison children, children with ADHD showed significant deficits on tests that are related to different aspects of attention. The results are consistent with the theories explaining the biological basis of ADHD by scattered attention networks in the brain, which have reciprocal dynamic interactions. Further comparative studies are needed to elucidate whether the cognitive processes that are known to be assessed by these tests are specific to ADHD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent attention deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Kılıç

Şener

Koçkar

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Moreover, recent research involving children and adults with dyslexia is starting to discover difficulties in associative learning (Du & Kelly, 2013;Hedenius et al, 2013). Similarly, developmental increases have consistently been shown for digit span (e.g., Chi, 1977;Karakas ß, Yalın, Irak, & Erzengin, 2002) and have often been assumed to be due to increases in verbal STM capacity. The current experiments illustrate how increases in digit span could plausibly arise from the gradual instance-based learning of associations across digit sequences rather than from changes in verbal STM capacity per se.…”

Section: Digitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questioning short-term memory and its measurement: Why digit span measures long-term associative learning

2015

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Traditional accounts of verbal short-term memory explain differences in performance for different types of verbal material by reference to inherent characteristics of the verbal items making up memory sequences. The role of previous experience with sequences of different types is ostensibly controlled for either by deliberate exclusion or by presenting multiple trials constructed from different random permutations. We cast doubt on this general approach in a detailed analysis of the basis for the robust finding that short-term memory for digit sequences is superior to that for other sequences of verbal material. Specifically, we show across four experiments that this advantage is not due to inherent characteristics of digits as verbal items, nor are individual digits within sequences better remembered than other types of individual verbal items. Rather, the advantage for digit sequences stems from the increased frequency, compared to other verbal material, with which digits appear in random sequences in natural language, and furthermore, relatively frequent digit sequences support better short-term serial recall than less frequent ones. We also provide corpus-based computational support for the argument that performance in a short-term memory setting is a function of basic associative learning processes operating on the linguistic experience of the rememberer. The experimental and computational results raise questions not only about the role played by measurement of digit span in cognition generally, but also about the way in which long-term memory processes impact on short-term memory functioning.

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“…[41][42][43] Test, multimodal kısa süreli bellek, dizileme ve duyusal-motor bütünleşmeyi ölçen nö-ropsikolojik bir araç olarak değerlendirilmiştir. 41,44 GISD-B giderek artan miktarlarda sayılardan oluşan dizilerin tekrarlanmasını içermekte, GISD-B'nin değişik alt testlerinde diziler görsel ve işitsel olarak sunulmakta, tepkiler de sözel veya yazılı olarak istenmektedir.…”

Section: Görsel İşi̇tsel Sayi Di̇zi̇leri̇ Testi̇ B Formu (Gi̇sd-b)unclassified

“…45,46 Erin-ergin grubu üzerindeki testtekrar test güvenilirliği değişik puanlar için 0,46 ile 0,82 arasında değişmiş, toplam puan için hesaplanan katsayı 0,84 olmuştur. 42 GISD-B'nin çocukluk-tan ileri yaşlılığa kadar olan tüm gelişim dönemleri için norm değerleri hesaplanmıştır. 47 Tedaviden önce ve sonra elde edilen GİSD-B puanlarının karşılaştırmaları sonucunda elde edilen bulgular Tablo 3'de verilmektedir (Tablo 3).…”

Section: Görsel İşi̇tsel Sayi Di̇zi̇leri̇ Testi̇ B Formu (Gi̇sd-b)unclassified

Effect of Methylphenidate On Neuropsychological Functions in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Kiriş¹,

Tahiroğlu²,

Avci³

et al. 2013

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmanın amacı, 6 aylık uzun etkili metilfenidat (Concerta) tedavisinin, Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) olan çocukların zekâ, seçici dikkat, odaklanmış dikkat, dikkat kurulumunu değiştirebilme, enterferansa direnç, bilgi işlemleme hızı ve multimodal kısa sü-reli bellek işlevleri üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması ve bu işlevlerin tedaviye yanıtının incelenmesidir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Araştırmanın örneklemini, kliniğe başvuran ve DEHB tanısı alan, 6-12 yaş arası 20 erkek çocuk oluşturmuştur. Çalışmaya alınan tüm deneklere 6 aylık metilfenidat tedavisinden önce ve sonra Wechsler Çocuklar için Zekâ Ölçeği (WÇZÖ-R), Stroop Testi TBAG Formu (STP) ve Görsel İşitsel Sayı Dizileri-B Formu (GISD-B)'ndan oluşan nöropsikolojik test bataryası uygulanmıştır. Tedaviden önce ve sonra uygulanan nöropsikolojik test puanları arasındaki değişiklikler Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi ile analiz edilmiştir. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Metilfenidat tedavisi WÇZÖ-R'nin özellikle performans bölümü alt test puanlarını, STP'nin ve GİSD-B'nin puanlarının büyük bölümünü anlamlı olarak etkilemiş, tedaviden sonraki performans, tedaviden öncekine göre daha yüksek olmuştur. S So on nu uç ç: : Çalışmamızın sonuçları, metilfenidat tedavisinin zekâ puanlarını ve dikkatin değişik yönlerini temsil eden puanları olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Metilfenidatın zekâ ve çok daha geniş bir nöropsikolojik süreçler spektrumu üzerindeki etkisinin daha büyük örneklemlerde araştırılmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Hiperaktivite ile birlikte dikkat eksikliği bozukluğu; metilfenidat; zekâ; nöropsikoloji A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six months of treatment with long acting methylphenidate (concerta) on neuropsychological functions such as intelligence, selective attention, attention set shifting, resistance to interference, speed of information processing and multimodal short term memory, and the response to treatment. M Ma a--t te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : The study consisted of 20 boys aged 6 to 12 years, who were refered to our outpatient clinic and had a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Paricipants were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Childen-Revised (WISC-R) and a neuropsychological battery that consisted of Stroop Test TBAG Form (STP) and Visual auditory Digit Span-B (VADS-B) before and sixth months after methylphenidate treatment. Differences between test scores obtained from neuropsychological assesment before and after sixth months of teatment were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Methylphenidate treatment had a significant effect on performance intelligence scores of WISC-R; additionally this treatment affected significantly the majority of STP and VADS-B scores. The performance on all tests increased after methylphenidate t...

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Digit Span Changes From Puberty to Old Age Under Different Levels of Education

Cited by 28 publications

References 84 publications

Multicomponent attention deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Multicomponent attention deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Questioning short-term memory and its measurement: Why digit span measures long-term associative learning

Effect of Methylphenidate On Neuropsychological Functions in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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