Digital communication with Rydberg atoms and amplitude-modulated microwave fields

Meyer, David; Cox, Karen; Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Kunz, Paul D.

doi:10.1063/1.5028357

Cited by 196 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…20 , and further developments are found in Refs. [21][22][23][24][25][26] . Most of these demonstrations are limited to amplitude modulation (AM) and/or frequency modulation (FM) schemes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detecting and Receiving Phase-Modulated Signals With a Rydberg Atom-Based Receiver

Holloway

Simons

Gordon

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

101

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Recently, we introduced a Rydberg-atom based mixer capable of detecting and measuring the phase of a radiofrequency field through the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) effect. The ability to measure phase with this mixer allows for an atom-based receiver to detect digital modulated communication signals. In this paper, we demonstrate detection and reception of digital modulated signals based on various phase-shift keying approaches. We demonstrate Rydberg atom-based digital reception of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and quadrature amplitude (QAM) modulated signals over a 19.626 GHz carrier to transmit and receive a bit stream in cesium vapor. We present measured values of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM, a common communication metric used to assess how accurate a symbol or bit stream is received) as a function of symbol rate for BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, and 64QAM modulation schemes. These results allow us to discuss the bandwidth of a Rydberg-atom based receiver system.

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“…20 , and further developments are found in Refs. [21][22][23][24][25][26] . Most of these demonstrations are limited to amplitude modulation (AM) and/or frequency modulation (FM) schemes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Receiving Phase-Modulated Signals With a Rydberg Atom-Based Receiver

Holloway

Simons

Gordon

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

101

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“…In particular, some proof-of-concept work on wireless communication and remote sensing using Rydberg atoms have been presented recently [11][12][13]. The time-variant Nowadays the wireless communication spectrum resources are increasingly scarce, and cognitive radio technology is being used to provide a solution for more efficient utilization of the radio spectrum [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Various factors affecting the communication credibility within a wide continuous RF-detuning are investigated. Besides the optimization of the coupling and probe laser powers [11,12], attention should also be paid to the choosing of a linear response of the probe density versus the RF field strength, frequency range of the modulation signal as well as the RF-detuning depth itself. The digital communication testing using a standard PRBS signal transferring at a rate of 500 kbps shows a high fidelity for wireless communication within a tunable bandwidth of 200 MHz at carrier 10.22 GHz.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rydberg-atom-based digital communication using a continuously tunable radio-frequency carrier

et al. 2019

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High-sensitive measurement of radio-frequency (RF) electric field is available via the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect of Rydberg atom at room-temperature, which has been developed to be a promising atomic RF receiver. In this Letter, we investigate the credibility of the digital communication via this quantum-based antenna over the entire continuously tunable RF-carrier. Our experiment shows that digital communication at a rate of 500 kbps performs reliably within a tunable bandwidth of 200 MHz at carrier 10.22 GHz and a bit error rate (BER) appears out of this range, for example, the BER runs up to 15% at RF-detuning ±150 MHz. In the measurement, the time-variant RF field is retrieved by detecting the density of the probe laser at the center frequency of RF-induced symmetric or asymmetric Autler-Townes splitting in EIT. Prior to the digital test, we have studied the RF-receiving quality versus the physical ambiance and found that a choice of linear gain response to the RF-amplitude can suppress the signal distortion and the modulating signal is able to be decoded as fast as up to 500 kHz in the tunable bandwidth. Our checkout consolidates the physical foundation for a reliable communication and spectrum sensing over the broadband RFE-field signal in free-space can be captured by measuring the transmission of a probe laser in a condition of a Rydberg EIT. Owing to unique advantages of free-space RF field sensing, the quantum receiver has great significance compared with conventional electronics-based receivers, including but not limited to the weak signal, long-distance communication in free space or via a fiber link. All the principle experiments of communication were performed over carrier of an optimized resonant frequency of Rydberg states [11][12][13].

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“…This Rydberg-atom based sensor can act as compact reciever/antenna, enabling quantum-based receivers to be used in communication applications to detect and receive modulated signals [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . This has led to the new term "atom-radio" 26,29 .…”

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confidence: 99%

A “real-time” guitar recording using Rydberg atoms and electromagnetically induced transparency: Quantum physics meets music

et al. 2019

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We demonstrate how Rydberg atoms and the phenomena of electromagnetically induced transparency can be used to aid in the recording of a musical instrument in real time as it is played. Also, by using two different atomic species (cesium and rubidium) in the same vapor cell, we demonstrate the ability to record two guitars simultaneously, where each atomic species detects and allows for the recording of each guitar separately. The approach shows how audio data (the musical composition) can be detected with a quantum system, illustrating that due to the research over the past decade we can now control ensembles of atoms to such an extent that we can use them in this "entertaining" example of recording a musical instrument.Rydberg atoms are atoms with one or more electrons excited to a very high principal quantum number n 1 . These atoms have several useful properties that scale as n. They have very large dipole moments (that scale as n 2 ). Their polarizability scales as n 7 , and their lifetime scales as n 3 . The spacing between the Rydberg levels scales as 1/n 3 . Rydberg atoms have large range interactions between each other that scales as n 4 /R 3 (where R is the inter-atomic distance) and have a van der Waals interaction that scales as n 11 /R 6 . These various properties allow for a large array of applications and interesting physics. For example, (1) the large dipole moments make them sensitive to electric fields, making for good field sensors, (2) the long lifetimes could lead to the development of new laser sources, and (3) the large interaction lengths create the possibilities for qubits and highly-entangled cluster states, just to mention a few.Significant progress has been made in the development of radio frequency (RF) electric (E) field strength and power metrology techniques based on the large dipole moments associated with Rydberg states of alkali atomic vapor placed in glass cells 2-20 . In this approach, the concept of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is used for the E-field sensing, performed either when the RF field is on-resonance of a Rydberg transition (using Autler-Townes (AT) splitting) or off-resonance (using AC Stark shifts).This Rydberg-atom based sensor can act as compact reciever/antenna, enabling quantum-based receivers to be used in communication applications to detect and receive modulated signals 21-28 . This has led to the new term "atom-radio" 26,29 . Recently we extended the atom receiver to develop a Rydberg atom-based mixer that ala) Publication of the U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. b) Electronic mail: christopher.holloway@nist.gov lows for the measurement of the phase of an RF wave 30 , which was the needed missing link for Rydberg atombased quantum sensors to be able to fully characterize the RF E-field in one compact vapor cell.In this paper we illustrate how this Rydberg-atom EITbased approach can be used as a means to both record (in real time) the output of a guitar (or any other musical instrument), and to listen to the output of a guitar...

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Digital communication with Rydberg atoms and amplitude-modulated microwave fields

Cited by 196 publications

References 36 publications

Detecting and Receiving Phase-Modulated Signals With a Rydberg Atom-Based Receiver

Detecting and Receiving Phase-Modulated Signals With a Rydberg Atom-Based Receiver

Rydberg-atom-based digital communication using a continuously tunable radio-frequency carrier

A “real-time” guitar recording using Rydberg atoms and electromagnetically induced transparency: Quantum physics meets music

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