Digital cooled InSb detector for IR detection

Nesher, Ofer; Elkind, S.; Adin, A.; Nevo, I.; Yaakov, A. B.; Raichshtain, S.; Marhasev, Arcadi B.; Magner, Aaron; Katz, M.; Markovitz, Tuvy; Chen, Dan; Kenan, M.; Ganany, Ayelet; Schlesinger, J.; Calahorra, Z.

doi:10.1117/12.498154

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The detector manufacturers have expended huge efforts to improve the linearity and stability of MCT LWIR FPAs in recent years, for example, by introducing the p-on-n MCT [6] [7] or Type II superlattice technology [8]. Meanwhile, some of the commercially available MCT LWIR FPA detectors provide a linearity and long-term stability performance near those of MCT MWIR arrays.…”

Section: Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of cooled IR focal plane arrays in thermographic cameras

et al. 2016

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The usage of cooled IR Focal Plane Array detectors in thermographic or radiometric thermal imaging cameras, respectively, leads to special demands on these detectors, which are discussed in this paper.For a radiometric calibration of wide temperature measuring ranges from -40 up to 2,000 °C, a linear and time-stable response of the photodiode array has to be ensured for low as well as high radiation intensities. The maximum detectable photon flux is limited by the allowed shift of the photodiode's bias that should remain in the linear part of the photodiode's I(V) curve even for the highest photocurrent. This limits the measurable highest object temperature in practice earlier than the minimum possible integration time. Higher temperature measuring ranges are realized by means of neutral or spectral filters.Defense and Security applications normally provide images at the given ambient temperature with small hot spots. The usage of radiometric thermal imagers for thermography often feature larger objects with a high temperature contrast to the background. This should not generate artifacts in the image, like pixel patterns or stripes.Further issues concern the clock regime or the sub-frame capabilities of the Read-Out-Circuit and the frame rate dependency of the signal. We will briefly describe the demands on the lens design for thermal imaging cameras when using cooled IR Focal Plane Array detectors with large apertures.

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Section: Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of cooled IR focal plane arrays in thermographic cameras

et al. 2016

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“…3 Three formats of Sebastian ROICs were developed: 320×256, 480×384, and 640×512, all with a 20-μm pixel size and all based on a 0.5-μm CMOS process. 4,5 Sebastian architecture combines a high level of functionality with special operation modes and excellent performance, especially high linearity and low residual nonuniformity (RNU). [4][5][6] The main challenge in the new 15 μm pixel design was to maintain the performance level and functionality of Sebastian in half the pixel area.…”

Section: Roicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The proximity board includes an FPGA, a local oscillator, power supplies and nonvolatile memory components. A single supply of 5 V is input to the proximity board with a noise level of up to 10 mV.…”

Section: Ddca Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megapixel digital InSb detector for midwave infrared imaging

et al. 2011

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Since the late 1990s Semiconductor devices (SCDs) has developed and manufactured a variety of InSb two-dimensional (2D) focal plane arrays (FPAs) that were implemented in many infrared (IR) systems and applications. SCD routinely manufactures both analog and digital InSb FPAs with array formats of 320×256, 480×384, and 640×512 elements, and pitch size in the range 15 to 30 μm. These FPAs are available in many packaging configurations, including fully integrated detector-Dewarcooler-assembly, with either closed-cycle Stirling or open-loop JouleThomson coolers. In response to a need for very high resolution midwave IR (MWIR) detectors and systems, SCD has developed a large format 2D InSb detector with 1280×1024 elements and pixel size of 15 μm. A digital readout integrated circuit (ROIC) is coupled by flip-chip bonding to the megapixel InSb array. The ROIC is fabricated in CMOS 0.18-μm technology, that enables the small pixel circuitry and relatively low power generation at the focal plane. The digital ROIC has an analog to digital (A/D) converter per-channel and allows for full frame readout at a rate of 100 Hz. Such on-chip A/D conversion eliminates the need for several A/D converters with fairly high power consumption at the system level. The digital readout, together with the InSb detector technology, lead to a wide linear dynamic range and low residual nonuniformity, which is stable over a long period of time following a nonuniformity correction procedure. A special Dewar was designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions while minimizing the contribution to the heat load of the detector. The Dewar together with the low power ROIC, enable a megapixel detector with overall low size, weight, and power with respect to comparable large format detectors. A variety of applications with this detector make use of different cold shields with different f-number and spectral filters. In this paper we present actual performance characteristics of the megapixel InSb detector and demonstrate its high manufacturability. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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“…7,9 In other words, the offset remains almost constant for several consecutive image frames. 20 This regularization term favors the offset with small changes along the time axis. If we correctly estimate oði; j; tÞ for the given image frames, their temporal variation is negligible, which means that C 1 ðoÞ is very close to zero.…”

Section: Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we assume that there is no gain nonuniformity since the offset component is the dominant source of the RNU. 15,19,20 Given the image observation model [Eq. (1)], our objective is to estimate xði; j; tÞ and oði; j; tÞ.…”

Section: Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regularization approach to scene-based nonuniformity correction

Kim

et al. 2014

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. Various scene-based nonuniformity correction (SBNUC) methods have been proposed to diminish the residual nonuniformity (RNU) of the infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) sensors. Most existing SBNUC techniques require a relatively large number of image frames to reduce the RNU. In some applications, however, there is not enough time for capturing a large number of image frames prior to the camera operation, or only several image frames are available to users. A new scene-based approach that can correct the RNU using only several image frames is proposed. The proposed method formulates the SBNUC process as an energy minimization problem. In the proposed energy function, we introduce regularization terms for the parameter regarding the responsivity of the IRFPA as well as for the true scene irradiance. Correction results are obtained by minimizing the energy function using a numerical technique. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Digital cooled InSb detector for IR detection

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Application of cooled IR focal plane arrays in thermographic cameras

Application of cooled IR focal plane arrays in thermographic cameras

Megapixel digital InSb detector for midwave infrared imaging

Regularization approach to scene-based nonuniformity correction

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