Digital dermatitis – The aetiological soup

Logue, D.N.; Offer, JE; Laven, Richard; Wa, Ellis

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.04.030

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Both bovine DD and severe ovine foot rot [now called contagious ovine DD (CODD)] are diseases that have emerged in the recent past (Logue et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a spirochaete isolated from a case of bovine digital dermatitis

et al. 2006

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Aims: The aim of the study was to characterize a spirochaete isolated from the lesions of a cow with digital dermatitis (DD). Methods and Results: The characterization was on the basis of its light and electron microscopic appearance, enzymic profile and DNA sequence analysis of its flagellin and 16S rRNA genes. The spirochaete was 6–8‐μm long and 0·2–0·3 μm in diameter, and possessed seven to eight periplasmic flagella, with three to five helical turns. The enzymic profile of the bacterium resembles, but is not identical to that of Treponema brennaborense. Its flagellin gene sequence was identical to that of Treponema phagedenis but distinct from that of an ovine spirochaete. Analysis of a 1477‐bp region of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that this is a Treponema species and that it is indistinguishable from some isolates made from cases of bovine DD in the United States. Finally, electron microscopy revealed the presence of myovirus‐like bacteriophage particles in all cultures of the treponeme examined. Conclusions: The spirochaete isolate was identified as a Treponema species closely related to some isolates from the United States (by 16S rDNA) and to T. phagedenis (by flagellin gene sequence) and is associated with bacteriophage particles. Significance and Impact of the Study: The fact that the isolates with the same or very similar 16S rDNA sequences have been obtained from cases of bovine DD in cattle in different countries at different times, lends further support to the hypothesis that treponemes play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

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“…Both bovine DD and severe ovine foot rot [now called contagious ovine DD (CODD)] are diseases that have emerged in the recent past (Logue et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both bovine DD and severe ovine foot rot [now called contagious ovine DD (CODD)] are diseases that have emerged in the recent past (Logue et al 2005). Bovine DD was first described in Italy in 1974 (Cheli and Mortellaro 1974) and CODD in 1997 (Harwood et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a spirochaete isolated from a case of bovine digital dermatitis

et al. 2006

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“…In herds affected with DD, exposure of manurecontaminated floors is crucial for the prevalence (Logue et al, 2005;Rodriguez Lainz et al, 1996), and therefore also the hygiene in connection with the exit and entrance of the barn is dependent for the results. Moreover, the odds for dermatitis were higher with a greater stocking density, which makes sense in that hygiene will worsen and infection pressure will be larger due to increased risk for contact with contaminated manure.…”

Section: Grazing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of grazing management on claw disorders in Swedish freestall dairies with mandatory grazing

Bergsten

Carlsson

Mörk

2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Our hypothesis was that grazing time, the number of days (duration) and number of hours per day, affected claw health. From Swedish freestall herds that fulfilled our criteria of claw-trimming routines, 201 herds were randomly selected for a telephone interview regarding grazing management. Herd data were retrieved from the Swedish Official Milk Recording Scheme. Claw disorders to be analyzed were recorded at maintenance claw trimming before and after the grazing period and included mild and severe dermatitis, severe heel-horn erosion, and sole ulcer (including severe sole hemorrhage). Any remark included one or more of these recorded disorders. The odds for having a recorded claw disorder at the autumn trimming in relation to grazing management, as well as to herd- and cow-related parameters, was tested using multilevel logistic regression models. The final statistical analysis included 17,600 cows in 174 herds, which were distributed from the south to the north of Sweden with decreasing length of mandatory grazing period because of climate. Grazing duration was statistically associated with the risk of sole ulcer, but it was not linear. However, grazing duration was not statistically associated with the odds for any remark, dermatitis, or heel-horn erosion. The odds for dermatitis were lower with access to pasture for 24 h compared with either day or night access. Otherwise, the number of hours that the animals had access to grazing per day was not significantly associated with any of the other analyzed claw disorders. Higher pasture stocking density (number of cow hours per day per hectare) was associated with a higher odds for dermatitis and sole ulcer. For all recorded claw disorders, the highest odds for having a disorder after the grazing period were consistently when the cow had the same claw disorder before the release to pasture. The positive effects of grazing on claw health were less than expected, and the previous known effects of breed, days in milk, parity, production system, housing environment, and management were verified for most claw disorders. If cows in today's loose housing systems have a more restrictive grazing than cows in tie-stall herds previously experienced, one cannot expect as strong an effect even if grazing is mandatory in all Swedish dairy cattle. Despite some positive effects of grazing, good stall environment and management during the housing period seem to be more important to obtain good claw health.

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“…The consistent clinical response to topical or systemic antibiotics suggests a bacterial agent as the true etiology of the disease (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The association of DD lesions with a variety of bacterial agents, the response of the lesions to antibiotics, and the failure to induce disease or protect against it using monovalent vaccines strongly suggest that DD is a polymicrobial disease process (9,(23)(24)(25)). This conclusion is further supported by two recent studies that utilized the cultureindependent method of sequencing clones of 16S rRNA genes by Sanger technology to classify a subset of bacteria derived from biopsy specimens of both lesions and healthy feet (15,26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals Temporal Microbiota Changes Associated with Development of Bovine Digital Dermatitis

et al. 2014

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bBovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle throughout the world. Despite 35 years of research, the definitive etiologic agent associated with the disease process is still unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated that multiple bacterial species are associated with lesions, with spirochetes being the most reliably identified organism. This study details the deep sequencing-based metagenomic evaluation of 48 staged DD biopsy specimens collected during a 3-year longitudinal study of disease progression. Over 175 million sequences were evaluated by utilizing both shotgun and 16S metagenomic techniques. Based on the shotgun sequencing results, there was no evidence of a fungal or DNA viral etiology. The bacterial microbiota of biopsy specimens progresses through a systematic series of changes that correlate with the novel morphological lesion scoring system developed as part of this project. This scoring system was validated, as the microbiota of each stage was statistically significantly different from those of other stages (P < 0.001). The microbiota of control biopsy specimens were the most diverse and became less diverse as lesions developed. Although Treponema spp. predominated in the advanced lesions, they were in relatively low abundance in the newly described early lesions that are associated with the initiation of the disease process. The consortium of Treponema spp. identified at the onset of disease changes considerably as the lesions progress through the morphological stages identified. The results of this study support the hypothesis that DD is a polybacterial disease process and provide unique insights into the temporal changes in bacterial populations throughout lesion development.

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Digital dermatitis – The aetiological soup

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of a spirochaete isolated from a case of bovine digital dermatitis

Characterization of a spirochaete isolated from a case of bovine digital dermatitis

Influence of grazing management on claw disorders in Swedish freestall dairies with mandatory grazing

Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals Temporal Microbiota Changes Associated with Development of Bovine Digital Dermatitis

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