“…Despite this promising evolution, the progress here is hampered by the quantification problems. Commonly used methods, such as the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model, the sensitivity factor (SF) method [16][17][18], the matrix ion species ratio (MISR) method [19,20], and ion implantation [21] have all been applied with varying degrees of success to convert the ion images from intensity space to concentration space [2,3,9,[22][23][24][25][26][27].…”