Digital photogrammetry for the documentation of structural damage in earthen archaeological sites: The case of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan

Fujii, Yukiyasu; Fodde, Enrico; Watanabe, Kunio; Murakami, Kazuya

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.012

Cited by 63 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is envisaged in this paper that one possible cause of this structural damage is salts crystallization, following what explained by several authors for other sites (Goudie and Viles, 1997;Kuchitsu et al, 1999). This conjecture is shared by several authors who points out that erosion at the bottom of walls (coving) is formed by salt weathering, and that coving acts as trigger of structural failure (Fujii et al, 2009;Fodde, 2007). The objectives of this paper are to understand such mechanisms and to design conservation measures.…”

Section: The Unesco/japan Trust Fund Projectmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Measuring evaporation distribution of mud brick and rammed earth

2014

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Purpose -Salt weathering is one of the most common agents of decay of Central Asian earthen sites and is in function of water evaporation from the wall surface. Soon after excavation the earthen walls and the stupa of the Buddhist temple of Ajina Tepa (seventh-eighth century AD) started to deteriorate due lack of protection and surface erosion. The most important issue in the planning of conservation work was to understand such mechanisms and to decrease the effect of salt weathering on structural damage. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach -Evaporation distribution and salts types were studied on selected walls. In addition, three-dimensional recording of the walls and the stupa was undertaken with digital photogrammetric methods. Findings -It was clearly found that the intensity of salt weathering in the site is high and some salts such as halite (sodium chloride) are thought to originate from groundwater. On the basis of the results obtained, thick shelter coating with mud brick and mud render was designed and constructed as protective measure for the earthen walls. Practical implications -Those walls that were most affected by salts weathering and erosion at the base (coving) became structurally less sound and eventually collapsed if not conserved. Originality/value -The work is the first attempt in the design of a methodology for the selection of earthen repair materials and methods.

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Section: The Unesco/japan Trust Fund Projectmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Because wall erosion was apparent in Ajina Tepa (Fujii et al, 2009), shelter coating and render had to be thick for protecting the historic walls and the stupa from weathering. A thick mud brick layer was constructed at the bottom of walls after considering the fact that salt weathering is severe just above the ground surface.…”

Section: Conservation Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring evaporation distribution of mud brick and rammed earth

2014

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“…This simple and low-cost technique allows mapping with a hand-held camera (Atkinson, 2003). Photogrammetry was used to record the surface morphology of earthen walls and to diagnose erosion caused by salt weathering in combination with abrasion from wind, constituting a monitoring system and a way to estimate erosion rates (Fujii, Fodde, Watanabe, & Murakami, 2009). In engineering geology, photogrammetry, used with aerial photographs, is used to document landslides, failed slopes and ground deformation due to earthquakes (Brückl, Brunner, & Kraus, 2006;Casson, Delacourt, Baratoux, & Allemand, 2003;Kanibir, Ulusay, & Aydan, 2006;Mora et al, 2003), and can be used in geological and geotechnical fields as a measurement tool (Fujii, Takahashi, & Hori, 2007;Fujii, Takemura, Takahashi, & Lin, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of digital techniques in monument preservation

Brunetaud

Luca

Janvier-Badosa

et al. 2012

European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering

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International audienceHealth records for monuments are produced to provide a basis for scientific monitoring and planning of restoration work. The collected data (locations of deterioration, and architectural and historical archives) must be referenced in a single documentation platform to establish a detailed diagnosis of the state of degradation of the monument. This paper presents the application of digital techniques for production of a health record of a monument, applied to the castle of Chambord (Loire Valley, France). The first step is to provide a 3D digital reconstruction of the monument. This 3D modelling consists in constructing a finely refined and relevant graphic base to spatially reference all data acquired during the project. Topography is used to precisely locate the relative position of the main architectural components, while photogrammetry can set in detail each of these elements. The application of textures extracted from pictures on surfaces of the 3D model provides a realistic appearance. Additional data from a laser scanner can be included to detail complex forms or specific degraded areas for monitoring or documentation purpose. The state of deterioration of the structure is evaluated through a visual in situ survey. Dating and identification of rocks are determined by searching in the historical and architectural archives that are sometimes incomplete. Finally, the NUBES web-based platform is used to spatially associate data with the 3D model of the monument. This database underpins the health record of the castle of Chambord

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“…Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a well-established non-contact metric survey technique that delivers high-fidelity three-dimensional (3-D) data of archaeological surfaces and built structures [1,2]. Although archaeologists have employed TLS extensively for stratigraphic and site-wide infield documentation, site monitoring, and damage assessment [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], conservators have employed this technique less frequently to monitor and preserve ancient earthen architecture [15][16][17][18]. Despite the high ownership and maintenance costs associated with TLS [19] and the availability of alternative intra-site digital documentation technology [20], laser scanning is still the most feasible option for intra-site documentation of large and complex sites such as Çatalhöyük.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring earthen archaeological heritage using multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning and surface change detection

Lercari

2019

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a three-dimensional survey technique proven successful for in-field stratigraphic and site-wide documentation or damage assessment of archaeological heritage. This study explores the potential utility of TLS and the Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) surface change detection method for monitoring and preserving ancient earthen architecture, and for creating comprehensive site monitoring programs in compliance with UNESCO periodic reporting guidelines. The proposed methodology was tested using 3-D TLS datasets spanning a period of six years to assess the decay of mud brick structures at Çatalhöyük, Turkey in order to understand material loss in walls and buildings, identify potential underlying causes, and create a plan for physical interventions. This paper explains how a multitemporal laser scanning workflow using the M3C2 method can be leveraged successfully to quantify-with millimeter-level accuracy-the decay of large earthen sites and inform future conservation interventions. This approach allows for the identification of the wall features with the most immediate risk of deterioration based on the detection of patterns of change and calculation of its significance as a preventative measure. Results presented in this paper suggest that the proposed method can be used effectively to enhance site monitoring and perform preventative on-site interventions at large earthen sites earthen sites in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. 2 Keywords: Çatalhöyük; terrestrial laser scanning; earthen architecture conservation; surface change detection; Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2)

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Digital photogrammetry for the documentation of structural damage in earthen archaeological sites: The case of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

Measuring evaporation distribution of mud brick and rammed earth

Measuring evaporation distribution of mud brick and rammed earth

Application of digital techniques in monument preservation

Monitoring earthen archaeological heritage using multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning and surface change detection

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