Digital simulation of fault arcs in power systems

Abstract

Faults in power transmission systems often take place through long arcs in air. Therefore, the dynamic interaction between a fault arc and the power network is extremely important in relation to the single‐ or three‐pole autoreclosure and to the system protection relaying. Using the theory of constrained switching arc a new dynamic black box model of a long fault arc is developed. Power system transients caused by arcing faults are successfully simulated using the version ATP (Alternative Transients Program) of the universal Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP).

Review of Arc Models in Distribution Networks

“…The instantaneous models in different conditions are introduced in 3.2. The arc models are different in different applications, including arc in breaker, low AC voltage system [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. It is noted that the arc models for the energy calculation and secondary arc models are not introduced in this chapter.…”

Study on Very Fast Transient Overvoltage of Closing No-load China UHV Transmission Demonstration Project Jindongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen 1000 kV Transmission Lines

“…ATP-EMTP was first advanced by Professor H. W. Dommel in his electromagnetic transient analysis software [13,14]. It owns the advantages of multi-function analysis, full element model and accurate calculation.…”

Model of the arc earth-fault for medium voltage networks

“…The basis for consideration is a general differential equation of arc conductance, developed from the energy balance [1]. Under the additional simplifying assumption proposed by the Mayr arc model, which states that arc temperature changes in time and in space, whereas the value of output power per volume is constant and equal to the value of output power per volume for the static arc, a well-known first-order differential equation is obtained [2][3][4][5]:…”

“…Until recently, the general analytical dependencies that describe the static arc conductance in the full range of current variations, containing the pre-arc state, ignition and the range of low to high short circuit currents were not known. These dependences were only determined for high current short circuits in [2][3][4][5]. From theoretical and experimental research, it follows that the static voltagecurrent relationship of high current long arc (above several cm), which burns steady in the air, may be approximated with segment-linear dependence:…”

“…Marciniak [6] proposes a number of alternative relationships for the arc voltage-current dependence in the full range of current variations. These relationships were obtained from appropriate connections of dependencies for low short circuit currents [1] with high current dependency given by equation (2). For arc description in the range of low currents, dependencies given with exponent, Gauss, hyperbolical secant and modified Lorentz function were used.…”