Faults in power transmission systems often take place through long arcs in air. Therefore, the dynamic interaction between a fault arc and the power network is extremely important in relation to the single‐ or three‐pole autoreclosure and to the system protection relaying. Using the theory of constrained switching arc a new dynamic black box model of a long fault arc is developed. Power system transients caused by arcing faults are successfully simulated using the version ATP (Alternative Transients Program) of the universal Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP).

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More than 200 power arc tests were carried out with original arrangements of overhead line insulators and arcing fittings for 20 kV, 110 kV and 220 kV. With an adequately modelled network, short‐circuit currents in the range of 2 kA to 12.5 kA can be realized. Analysis of the measurements shows that a typical arc voltage time function can be attributed to each insulator type and arrangement. Using the measured variables, which were digitally recorded and stored on optical media, an existing numerical arc model has been enhanced, which can be applied in an electromagnetic transients program to reproduce the dynamic and random behaviour of power arcs for any insulator arrangement, current and system voltage.

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