Dihaploid induction in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) using pollen of Imperata cylindrica

Abstract

Chaudhary H.K., Mahato A., Kaila V., Rather S.A., Tayeng T. (2015): Dihaploid induction in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) using pollen of Imperata cylindrica. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 51: 142-147. Doubled haploidy breeding protocols have revolutionized the varietal development programmes in bread wheat, however, the protocols have not proved much efficient in durum wheat. Presently, the durum wheat × maize system is being widely followed for haploid induction but the frequency of haploid development is very poor which has limited its application in durum wheat improvement programmes. In order to formulate an efficient wide hybridization-mediated approach for haploid induction in durum wheat, different genotypes of durum wheat were subjected to hybridization with Imperata cylindrica, a wild perennial grass for the first time in this laboratory. The investigation was carried out for two seasons. During the 1 st year, the investigation was carried out on one genotype only, Langdon, in order to notice the development of haploid embryos and the factors that influence the haploid induction frequency. The most important factor influencing the embryo formation frequency was found to be the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Upon pollinating the emasculated spikes of durum wheat genotypes, various concentrations of 2,4-D were injected into the uppermost internode of wheat culm for three consecutive days after pollination to find out the most responding concentration for haploid induction. During the next year, the protocol was applied to eight durum wheat genotypes. The frequency of haploid induction parameters varied with the durum wheat genotypes as well as 2,4-D concentration used. The mean pseudoseed and embryo formation frequency over all the genotypes ranged from 30.2 to 56.3% and 1.2 to 18.4%, respectively. The average embryo formation frequency over all the genotypes was found to be highest (18.4%) at 250 mg/l 2,4-D whereas it was superior for the genotypes WH 896 and Langdon over all the 2,4-D concentrations. At the most responding 2,4-D concentration (250 mg/l), the genotype A-9-30-1 exhibited the highest embryo formation frequency (32.1%). The ploidy status of the developed embryos was identified using cytological analysis carried out on the rootlets of the tissue culture generated plantlets.

Auxin Induced Haploid Induction in Wide Crosses of Durum Wheat

“…Earlier, 2,4-D in combination with different growth promoters like, dicamba (Ballesteros et al 2003;Garcia-llamas et al 2004), picloram (Puja et al 2011) and AgNO 3 (Almouslem et al 1998;Inagaki and Hash 1998;Sourour et al 2011) had been tested for efficient haploid induction in durum wheat × maize crosses. Likewise, Chaudhary et al (2015) and, Mahato and Chaudhary (2015) reported the significant role of 2,4-D in haploid production via I. cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach. It is evident from the findings of present study that higher concentrations of 2,4-D (more than 200 ppm) alone is well efficient in producing greater number of haploid embryos.…”

“…This technique mainly involves intergeneric hybridization that follows gradual elimination of chromosomes from pollen source during embryonic development producing embryos carrying haploid set of chromosomes from the female genotype (Barclay 1975; Laurie and Bennett 1988;Chaudhary et al 2005). In durum wheat, wide hybridization to create doubled haploids has been carried out with different genera viz., barley (Hordeum bulbossum) (O'Donoughue and Bennett 1994a;Chlyah et al 1999), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (Inagaki and Hash 1998), maize (Zea mays) (O'Donoughue and Bennett 1994b;Almouslem et al 1998) and Imperata cylindrica (Chaudhary et al 2013;Chaudhary et al 2015;Mahato and Chaudhary 2015) for producing haploid embryos. But, all these pollen sources may not be equally efficient in inducing haploid formation in durum wheat.…”

“…have been used for increasing the efficacy of haploid production in durum wheat × maize crosses. However, in case of durum wheat × I. cylindrica, only 2,4-D has been used in very few previous studies (Chaudhary et al 2015).…”

Efficiency of three haplomethods in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.): isolated microspore culture, gynogenesis and wheat × maize crosses

“…Gynogenesis process: unpollinated ovaries induced after 1 week of culture (a), callus with green shoot after 10 weeks of culture (b), regenerated green plantlets (c) https://doi.org/10.17221/188/2017-CJGPB viability affects the conversion of embryos into plantlets. In addition, the ability to form haploid embryos might depend on the application of silver nitrate and hormone treatment, alone or in combination (Ayed et al 2011a;Chaudhary et al 2015).…”

“…Interspecific or intergeneric crosses has emerged as an efficient method for producing haploid wheat plants (Garcia-Liamas et al 2004;Ushiyama et al 2007;Ayed et al 2011b). Several crosses, wheat × Hordeum bulbosum (Barclay 1975), wheat × maize (Laurie & Bennett 1988), wheat × sorghum (Inagaki & Mujeeb-Kazi 1995) and wheat × Imperata cylindrica (Chaudhary et al 2015) were shown as valid hybridization systems. In recent years, wheat × maize crosses has become a main approach for haploid production in durum wheat (Niu et al 2014).…”