Dilatation of a Medium‐Sized Artery Immediately after Local Changes of Blood Pressure and Flow as Measured by Ultrasonic Technique

Ingebrigtsen, R; Leraand, S

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04757.x

Cited by 47 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In addition, an ascending process is also excluded because the changes in blood flow were caused by an intervention distal to the capillary bed. This exclusion of an ascending dilatory signal is consistent with previous animal studies that documented an increase in conduit vessel size shortly after the creation of arteriovenous fistulae 3 and with studies where distal arterial sectioning did not abolish the upstream large vessel dilation following acute increments in blood flow. 4 Parenthetically, we should point out that resting flow in the dialysis patients was exceedingly high, and brachial artery size was substantially larger than the diameters noted in normal subjects.…”

Section: -2supporting

confidence: 90%

“…(Circulation Research 1989;64:32-42) T he ability of large blood vessels to alter their tone in response to acute alterations in blood flow has recently been documented in dog coronary 1 -2 and dog femoral arteries. 3 - 5 This process has been termed reactive dilation, 1 and it has been suggested that the process is truly localized to the large vessel and may require endothelial integrity. 5 A relation between increased blood flow and large vessel dilation in human subjects has not been previously described.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Flow-mediated Brachial Artery Vasodilatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in human subjects.

Sinoway

Hendrickson

Davidson

et al. 1989

Circulation Research

121

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In an effort to determine whether arterial conductance vessels dilate in response to increased blood flow stimuli, brachial artery area (cm 2 ) and diameter (cm) were derived by simultaneous measurement of forearm blood flow (ml/min-100 ml) and brachial artery blood flow velocity (cm/sec) following the release of arterial occlusion. Measurements were made at rest and at the time of maximal flow after the release of graded periods of forearm arterial occlusion (20 seconds to 10 minutes). These studies showed a graded large vessel dilation following occlusions of up to 1 minute (baseline diameter, 0.33±0.01; after 1 minute occlusion, 0.45±0.02 cm; /?<0.05) after which time diameter plateaued (after 10 minutes of occlusion, 0.48±0.02 cm). In addition, the time course of diameter and flow changes after 3 minutes of arterial occlusion were examined. Flow was maximal at 5 seconds but diameter was maximal at 15-30 seconds after release. Furthermore, the half time for the return of diameter to baseline was longer than that for blood flow. We also measured the diameter after forearm heating (42° C) and noted a substantial increase in diameter (before heating, 0.32±0.01; after heating, 0.39±0.02 cm; p<0.05). Finally, we applied pressure to the venous side of arteriovenous fistulae in five hemodialysis patients. This maneuver was associated with large reductions in forearm blood flow (baseline flow, 63.3±10.6; venous compression flow, 36.0±4.4 ml/minl00 ml;/?<0.05) and a decrease in brachial artery size (baseline diameter, 0.63±0.07; venous compression diameter, 0.58±0.06 cm; p<0.05). We conclude that 1) the human brachial artery size changes in response to changes in blood flow, and 2) the maximal dilation occurs after maximal flow is noted. This process has been termed reactive dilation, 1 and it has been suggested that the process is truly localized to the large vessel and may require endothelial integrity.5 A relation between increased blood flow and large vessel dilation in human subjects has not been previously described.Recently, we have developed a noninvasive technique that allows us to calculate brachial artery diameter at frequent intervals (10-15 seconds) from simultaneously measured forearm blood flow (straingauge plethysmography) and brachial artery blood velocity (a transcutaneous Doppler probe). With this technique, we make use of the equation, vessel area=flow (ml/min)-^ velocity (cm/min). In this paper, we hypothesized that acute alterations in forearm blood flow would be associated with directionally similar changes in brachial artery size. Our results would suggest that the process of reactive dilation does indeed exist in human subjects. Subjects and Methods DesignAfter signing an informed consent, 11 young healthy subjects (mean age of 23 years) had simultaneous measurements of forearm blood flow and brachial artery blood velocity in order to calculate brachial artery diameter. The study was divided into five major parts: Part A (n=8) consisted of measurement of blood flow and blood velocity and calcu...

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Section: -2supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Characteristics Of Flow-mediated Brachial Artery Vasodilatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in human subjects.

Sinoway

Hendrickson

Davidson

et al. 1989

Circulation Research

121

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“…Systemic studies of the relationship between flow, diameter, and pressure in the femoral artery and other conduit vessels under steady-state conditions are in progress, and it is already apparent that larger increments in diameter can be induced by further increase in blood flow. Ingebrigtsen and Leraand (8), working in our laboratory, found that opening of an arteriovenous fistula resulted in an increase in arterial diameter of more than 1035,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Local Regulation of Vascular Cross Section during Changes in Femoral Arterial Blood Flow in Dogs

Lie

Sejersted

Kiil

1970

Circulation Research

140

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Diameters of the exposed femoral artery of anesthetized dogs were continuously measured with ultrasonic elements of lead zirconate titanate. In 13 of 16 dogs vascular diameters increased following a sudden increment in arterial blood flow induced by the injection of vasodilat i ng agents (acetylcholine, histamine) peripheral to the recording level, by opening an arteriovenous shunt, or after tetanic stimulation of die sciatic nerve. The dilatation response occurred despite slight reductions in femoral blood pressure, and was present after ganglionic blockade, blockade of alpha and beta receptors with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, atropinization and injection of an antihistamine. The dilatation response was also observed after transsection of the femoral artery distal to the recording level and is therefore not dependent on the retrograde propagation of nervous or myogenous impulses along the vascular wall. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDSarterial diameter arterial smooth muscle arteries autorcgulation blood circulation blood pressure ultrasonic vasodilator agents vasomotor system• A conduit vessel, such as the femoral artery, varies in diameter with blood pressure (1). If this were the only mode of regulation, an increase in blood flow induced by arteriolar dilatation would result in an increased pressure drop along the artery. As a consequence of the reduction in arterial blood pressure towards the periphery, the vascular diameter of the conduit vessel would decrease. However, several previous investigators (2-4), using plethysmographic methods, have found that increased blood flow was associated with an increase in the cross section of the femoral artery. Similar dilatation responses were obtained whether femoral blood flow was raised by stimulation of the sciatic nerve, injection of acetylcholine or injection of other

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“…It has been known for some time that an acute increase in blood flow, achieved either as a result of muscle con tractions [ 1,2] or A-V fistulae [3,4], can induce dilatation of homogeneous capillary perfusion. Several authors showed that long-term dilatation produced either by var ious drugs [6,7] or by long-term activity of skeletal mus cles, whether induced by endurance training [8] or electrial stimulation [9,10], led to growth of capillaries [II].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Long-Term Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Fast Muscles on the Reactivity of Their Supplying Arteries

Hudlická

Fronek²

1992

J Vasc Res

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Rabbit fast hindlimb muscle (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and peroneal muscles) were stimulated for 14 days, 8 h/day using implanted electrodes, with two different frequencies of stimulation (continuous at 10 Hz or 3 bursts/min at 40 Hz) giving the same total number of stimuli. Both patterns of stimulation resulted in a different pattern of flow and perfusion pressure, with lowered perfusion pressure during contractions in muscles stimulated at 10 Hz and intermittent increase during the peak of tetanic contractions in muscle stimulated at 40 Hz. The arteries supplying the stimulated muscle (anterior tibial artery) were then tested for reactivity to noradrenaline in vitro. Maximal tension developed by control arteries (supplying the contralateral nonstimulated muscles) was 18 ± 1.4 g/mg dry weight in response to 10^-5M noradrenaline. Arteries supplying muscle stimulated at 10 Hz showed a significant increase of the maximal response (22 ± 1.5 g/mg) with the same dose. Arteries supplying muscles that had been stimulated at 40 Hz showed decreased response with maximal tension 9.1 ± 1.2 g/mg. Noradrenaline uptake and clearance showed similar values in control vessels and those stimulated at either frequency. Thus, long-term stimulation of skeletal muscles can modify the reactivity of supplying arteries; the response varied with the pattern of contractions and may be explained by a different pattern of flow changes.

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Dilatation of a Medium‐Sized Artery Immediately after Local Changes of Blood Pressure and Flow as Measured by Ultrasonic Technique

Cited by 47 publications

References 2 publications

Characteristics of flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in human subjects.

Characteristics of flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in human subjects.

Local Regulation of Vascular Cross Section during Changes in Femoral Arterial Blood Flow in Dogs

Effect of Long-Term Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Fast Muscles on the Reactivity of Their Supplying Arteries

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