Dilute acid digestion procedure for the determination of lead, copper and mercury in traditional Chinese medicines by atomic absorption spectrometry

Chow, Patrick Y. T.; Chua, T. H.; Ow, B. Y.

doi:10.1039/an9952001221

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Cr content in seedlings (2 g dry weight, DW) was determined by using 10% v/v HNO 3 acid digestion procedure as described in [47] and expressed as µg g −1 DW.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Stress Mitigation by Polyamine-Brassinosteroid Application Involves Phytohormonal and Physiological Strategies in Raphanus sativus L.

et al. 2012

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Brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) are well-established growth regulators playing key roles in stress management among plants. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of epibrassinolide (EBL, an active BR) and spermidine (Spd, an active PA) on the tolerance of radish to oxidative stress induced by Cr (VI) metal. Our investigation aimed to study the impacts of EBL (10−9 M) and/or Spd (1 mM) on the biochemical and physiological responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Cr-stress. Applications of EBL and/or Spd were found to improve growth of Cr-stressed seedlings in terms of root length, shoot length and fresh weight. Our data also indicated that applications of EBL and Spd have significant impacts, particularly when applied together, on the endogenous titers of PAs, free and bound forms of IAA and ABA in seedlings treated with Cr-stress. Additionally, co-applications of EBL and Spd modulated more remarkably the titers of antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbic acid, proline, glycine betaine and total phenol) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (guaicol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase) in Cr-stressed plants than their individual applications. Attenuation of Cr-stress by EBL and/or Spd (more efficient with EBL and Spd combination) was also supported by enhanced values of stress indices, such as phytochelatins, photosynthetic pigments and total soluble sugars, and reduction in malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in Cr-treated seedlings. Diminution of ROS production and enhanced ROS scavenging capacities were also noted for EBL and/or Spd under Cr-stress. However, no significant reduction in Cr uptake was observed for co-application of EBL and Spd when compared to their individual treatments in Cr-stressed seedlings. Taken together, our results demonstrate that co-applications of EBL and Spd are more effective than their independent treatments in lowering the Cr-induced oxidative stress in radish, leading to improved growth of radish seedlings under Cr-stress.

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“…Cr content in seedlings (2 g dry weight, DW) was determined by using 10% v/v HNO 3 acid digestion procedure as described in [47] and expressed as µg g −1 DW.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Stress Mitigation by Polyamine-Brassinosteroid Application Involves Phytohormonal and Physiological Strategies in Raphanus sativus L.

et al. 2012

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“…Plants are normally exposed to toxic heavy metals when they are grown in polluted areas as in roadways or exposed to polluted soil, that are contaminated by agricultural pesticides and irrigation water in conditions where they are collected, dried and processed, transport and storage conditions (Abou-Arab and Abou-Donia, 2000; Pethkar et al, 2001;Khan et al, 2001). Hence, raw medicinal plants are a potential source of toxic metal exposure for man and animals (Cataldo and Wildung, 1978;Al-Saleh and Chudasama, 1994;Chow et al, 1995;Pethkar et al, 2001), therefore raw medicinal herbs that are used for consuming as raw herbs as well as finished products, need to be checked for the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, bacterial or fungal contamination (WHO, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential and Non-essential heavy metal contents in some marketed medicinal herbs of UAE

Nessa¹,

Khan²

2018

Asian J Pharm Pharmacol

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Objectives: This study aimed to determine essential and non-essential heavy metal contents as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu), from marketed medicinal herbs of UAE and to investigate whether or not they pose a risk of heavy metal toxicity in regards to World Health Organization (WHO) and national limits.Nine samples of medicinal herbs as Linn., Materials and methods:Artemisia absinthium Adhatoda vasica Melissa parviflora Achillea millefolium Bacopa monnieri Gymnema sylvestre Nees., Benth., , , , Onosma bracteatum, Corchorus depressus Viola odorata Linn. and were collected from local herbal stores of UAE and sample solution was prepared by a dry ashing digestion procedure used for the quantification of Al, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Fe. For As determination, the samples were prepared by wet digestion procedure. Calibration curves were prepared using different concentration ranges for the metals and the solutions were analyzed either by Graphite Furnace or Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Method validation was performed by evaluating metal recovery studies . Results: The mean recoveries were from 82.20 to 98.92%. The studied samples all exhibited a positive response for eight essential and non-essential heavy metals, and contained about 1.01-3.63 µg Pb, 0.126-0.849 µg As, 0.46-1.48 µg Ni, 0.073-0.591 µg Cd, µg Fe respectively. The results were compared with the established WHO and national permissible limits set for heavy metals in medicinal plants and found within limits.The studied nine medicinal herbs contained tolerable levels of essential Conclusion: and non-essential heavy metals, and were safe to consume and further processing.

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“…The use of diluted nitric acid solution is not frequent, but it was already demonstrated that it is effective for extraction of metals in biological samples at room temperature (De Boer and Maessen 1983) or by heating (Chow et al 1995;Minami, Honjyo, and Atsuya 1996;Zhou et al 1996). These procedures could be considered extraction procedures because none of them were tailored to promote the oxidation of organic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High‐Throughput Microwave‐Assisted Digestion and Extraction Procedures for Agricultural Materials

Nóbrega

Nascentes

Labuto

et al. 2007

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Despite the advances in microwave-assisted procedures, the sample throughput still remains a critical problem that requires the development of reactor vessels, rotors, and procedures able to deal with a large number of samples simultaneously. In this work, a 36-vessel rotor was combined with diluted nitric acid solution for digestion of agricultural materials. Accurate results were obtained for aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) in bovine liver and spinach leaves standard reference materials. The EPA-3051 method was also evaluated using this system. The procedure led to quantitative recoveries of chromium (Cr), Cu, Mn, nickel (Ni), and Zn in soil. All measurements were carried out using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The main advantages of the proposed procedures are the increase of sample throughput in microwaveassisted digestions or extractions and the lower dilution required before pneumatic nebulization of digests obtained by using dilute nitric acid.

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Dilute acid digestion procedure for the determination of lead, copper and mercury in traditional Chinese medicines by atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Chromium Stress Mitigation by Polyamine-Brassinosteroid Application Involves Phytohormonal and Physiological Strategies in Raphanus sativus L.

Chromium Stress Mitigation by Polyamine-Brassinosteroid Application Involves Phytohormonal and Physiological Strategies in Raphanus sativus L.

Essential and Non-essential heavy metal contents in some marketed medicinal herbs of UAE

High‐Throughput Microwave‐Assisted Digestion and Extraction Procedures for Agricultural Materials

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