We introduce a local homology theory for linearly compact modules which is in some sense dual to the local cohomology theory of A. Grothendieck [A. Grothendieck, Local Cohomology, Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 20, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Tokyo/New York, 1967. [10]]. Some basic properties such as the noetherianness, the vanishing and non-vanishing of local homology modules of linearly compact modules are proved. A duality theory between local homology and local cohomology modules of linearly compact modules is developed by using Matlis duality and Macdonald duality. As consequences of the duality theorem we obtain some generalizations of well-known results in the theory of local cohomology for semi-discrete linearly compact modules.