Do newspaper opinion pieces change the minds of those who read them? We conduct two randomized panel survey experiments on elite and mass convenience samples to estimate the effects of five op-eds on policy attitudes. We find very large average treatment effects on target issues, equivalent to shifts of approximately 0.5 scale points on a 7-point scale, that persist for at least one month. We find very small and insignificant average treatment effects on non-target issues, suggesting that our subjects read, understood, and were persuaded by the arguments presented in these op-eds. We find limited evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity by party identification: Democrats, Republicans, and independents all appear to move in the predicted direction by similar magnitudes. We conduct this study on both a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers and a sample of elites. Despite large differences in demographics and initial political beliefs, we find that op-eds were persuasive to both the mass public and elites, but marginally more persuasive among the mass public. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence of the everyday nature of persuasion.

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While this paper is principally a continuation of [5], with as its object the application of sections 6 and 7 of that paper to obtain results related to the Buchsbaum–Rim multiplicity, it also has connections with [8] which are the subject of the first of the four sections. These concern integral equivalence of finitely generated R-modules. where R is an arbitrary noetherian ring. We therefore introduce a finitely generated R-module M and relate to it a short exact sequence (s.e.s.),where F is a free module generated by m elements u1,…, um, and L is generated by elements yj, (j = 1, …, n), of F. We identify the elements u1, …, um with a set of indeterminates X1, …, Xm, and F with the R-module S1 of elements of degree 1 of the graded ring S = R[X1, …, Xm].

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Throughout this note R denotes a commutative ring with identity, E denotes a unitary /^-module and A = [a u ] denotes an m x n matrix with a u e R. Following Northcott [7] we allow all the cases m ^ 0, n ^ 0.Eagon and Northcott [5] and Buchsbaum and Rim [1, 2, 3] have introduced and studied two different but similar complexes associated with the pair A, E in the case m ^ n. The purpose of this note is to introduce a complex K(A; E\ i) for each integer t such that when m^n, (a) K(A\ E; 0) is the Eagon-Northcott complex, (b) K(A; E\ 1) is the Buchsbaum-Rim complex and (c) when m = 1, K(A; E; t) is the Koszul complex for all t. Further, when s + t = n-m, K(A; E\ s) and K(A; E; t) are dual in the sense of [7].Many of the properties common to K(A; E; 0) and K(A; E; 1) are also enjoyed by K(A; E; t) for all t. We prove, for example, that when 0 < t < n-m, K{A\ E; t) is (Abnormal for the category of .R-modules in the sense of [7], where (A) denotes the ideal generated by the mxm minors of A.I would like to thank the referee for bringing to my attention the work of Buchsbaum and Eisenbud [4;§2], and for pointing out that the complex K{A; E; t) can be treated in their basis-free manner. Indeed K(A;E;t) for t = 0, ...,n -m treated in this way is doubtless the sequence of complexes referred to in their concluding remark. + 00Let y t , ...,y n be indeterminates over R and let M = X Mj be the exterior -00