Dimensional Control of Brittle Nanoplatelets. A Statistical Analysis of a Thin Film Cracking Approach

Heinrich, Martin; Gruber, Patric A.; Orso, Steffen; Handge, Ulrich A.; Spolenak, Ralph

doi:10.1021/nl061225w

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As described in chapter 2.4.1, random micro fracture of thin and flat metal films on elastomeric substrates is typically applied to fabricate highly compliant interconnects for stretchable electronic platforms 102,141,211 . There are also fundamental investigations of periodic microcrack formation in thin metal films on polymeric substrates 137,138,212,213 .…”

Section: Microcrack Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Magnetoelectronics

et al. 2011

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Abstract:In this work, stretchable magnetic sensorics is successfully established by combining metallic thin films revealing a giant magnetoresistance effect with elastomeric materials. Stretchability of the magnetic nanomembranes is achieved by specific morphologic features (e.g. wrinkles), which accommodate the applied tensile deformation while maintaining the electrical and magnetic integrity of the sensor device. The entire development, from the demonstration of the world-wide first elastically stretchable magnetic sensor to the realization of a technology platform for robust, ready-touse elastic magnetoelectronics with fully strain invariant properties, is described. The prepared soft giant magnetoresistive devices exhibit the same sensing performance as on conventional rigid supports, but can be stretched uniaxially or biaxially reaching strains of up to 270% and endure over 1,000 stretching cycles without fatigue. The comprehensive magnetoelectrical characterization upon tensile deformation is correlated with in-depth structural investigations of the sensor morphology transitions during stretching.With their unique mechanical properties, the elastic magnetoresistive sensor elements readily conform to ubiquitous objects of arbitrary shapes including the human skin. This feature leads electronic skin systems beyond imitating the characteristics of its natural archetype and extends their cognition to static and dynamic magnetic fields that by no means can be perceived by human beings naturally.Various application fields of stretchable magnetoelectronics are proposed and realized throughout this work. The developed sensor platform can equip soft electronic systems with navigation, orientation, motion tracking and touchless control capabilities. A variety of novel technologies, like smart textiles, soft robotics and actuators, active medical implants and soft consumer electronics will benefit from these new magnetic functionalities. Michael Melzer: Stretchable MagnetoelectronicsOutline 4

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Section: Microcrack Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Magnetoelectronics

et al. 2011

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“…8 To study multiple cracking phenomena of brittle films on compliant substrates, in situ fragmentation tests have been conducted. [9][10][11][12] This method, in which the progressive development of crack density in the coating is analyzed as a function of substrate elongation, has proven to be efficient for (i) the determination of the strength distribution in the film and the type of strain transfer (linear or nonlinear) between film and substrate 9,13 and (ii) the calculation and modeling of adhesive and cohesive fracture toughness. 10,[14][15][16][17] More direct measurements of fracture toughness of thin films on compliant substrates are possible by bulge testing of circular membranes 18 and a special buckling test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle-to-ductile transition in ultrathin Ta/Cu film systems

2009

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Current semiconductor technology demands the use of compliant substrates for flexible integrated circuits. However, the maximum total strain of such devices is often limited by the extensibility of the metallic components. Although cracking in thin films is extensively studied theoretically, little experimental work has been carried out thus far.Here, we present a systematic study of the cracking behavior of 34 to 506 nm thick Cu films on polyimide with 3.5 to 19 nm-thick Ta interlayers. The film systems have been investigated by a synchrotron-based tensile testing technique and in situ tensile tests in a scanning electron microscope. By relating the energy release during cracking obtained from the stress-strain curves to the crack area, the fracture toughness of the Cu films can be obtained. It increases with Cu film thickness and decreases with increasing Ta film thickness. Films thinner than 70 nm exhibit brittle fracture, indicating an increasing inherent brittleness of the Cu films.

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“…The local evolution of cracks as a function of applied strain can be observed using image analysis and the quantitative cracking behavior can be corroborated [15,16]. Uniaxial mechanical tensile testing was carried out using a tensile tester (Kammrath and Weiss, Germany) on the patterned brittle Ti film and the unpatterned control film.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brittle Ti films with a thickness of 500 nm were deposited onto the substrates using thermal evaporation. Preliminary measurements of these films gave a STL of ∼15 µm (half the minimum crack spacing), which was measured using the method described in [13][14][15][16][17]. The mask designed to pattern the Ti layers consists of oval-shaped holes that have a length of 18 µm and a width of 8 µm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing micro-patterned Ti films that survive up to 10% applied tensile strain

et al. 2010

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Reducing the strain in brittle device layers is critical in the fabrication of robust flexible electronic devices. In this study, the cracking behavior of micro-patterned 500-nm-thick Ti films was investigated via uniaxial tensile testing by in situ SEM and 4-point probe measurements. Both visual observations by SEM and 4-pt resistance measurements showed that strategically patterned oval holes, off-set and rotated by 45°, had a significant effect on limiting the extent of cracking, specifically, in preventing cracks from converging. Failure with regard to electrical conduction was delayed from less than 2% to more than 10% strain.

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Dimensional Control of Brittle Nanoplatelets. A Statistical Analysis of a Thin Film Cracking Approach

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Stretchable Magnetoelectronics

Stretchable Magnetoelectronics

Brittle-to-ductile transition in ultrathin Ta/Cu film systems

Designing micro-patterned Ti films that survive up to 10% applied tensile strain

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