Dimensions of biodiversity in the Earth mycobiome

Peay, Kabir G.; Kennedy, Peter G.; Talbot, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.59

Cited by 506 publications

(424 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Recent studies demonstrate that fungal species with a cosmopolitan distribution are the exception [66,67]. In general, most names applied to species with an apparent worldwide distribution probably represent species complexes rather than good species [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than one fungus in the pepper pot: Integrative taxonomy unmasks hidden species within Myriostoma coliforme (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota)

et al. 2017

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Since the nineteenth century, Myriostoma has been regarded as a monotypic genus with a widespread distribution in north temperate and subtropical regions. However, on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), four species are now delimited: M. areolatum comb. & stat. nov., M. calongei sp. nov., M. capillisporum comb. & stat. nov., and M. coliforme. Myriostoma coliforme is typified by selecting a lectotype (iconotype) and a modern sequenced collection as an epitype. The four species can be discriminated by a combination of morphological characters, such as stomatal form, endoperidial surface texture, and basidiospore size and ornamentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than one fungus in the pepper pot: Integrative taxonomy unmasks hidden species within Myriostoma coliforme (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota)

et al. 2017

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“…Hence, loss of a fungal entity within local community may be replaced by immigration of an individual from the regional metacommunity. Fungal communities usually display strong biogeographical patterns as a result of dispersal limitation at regional scale (Peay et al 2016). For instance, it has been shown that the geographic location of the production region shapes the structure of seed fungal OTUs with a lower (−1) and higher (+1) frequency than expected by the Sloan neutral model are indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly of seed-associated microbial communities within and across successive plant generations

et al. 2017

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Background and aims Seeds are involved in the transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to another and consequently may act as the initial inoculum source for the plant microbiota. In this work, we assessed the structure and composition of the seed microbiota of radish (Raphanus sativus) across three successive plant generations.Methods Structure of seed microbial communities were estimated on individual plants through amplification and sequencing of genes that are markers of taxonomic diversity for bacteria (gyrB) and fungi (ITS1). The relative contribution of dispersal and ecological drift in inter-individual fluctuations were estimated with a neutral community model. Results Seed microbial communities of radish display a low heritability across plant generations. Fluctuations in microbial community profiles were related to changes in community membership and composition across plant generations, but also to variation between individual plants. Ecological drift was an important driver of the structure of seed bacterial communities, while dispersal was involved in the assembly of the fungal fraction of the seed microbiota. Conclusions These results provide a first glimpse of the governing processes driving the assembly of the seed microbiota.

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“…This inoculum often comprises of soil taken from (presumably, fungal-rich) habitats and transferred to arable fields. Although the species-composition of native mycorrhizal communities may vary globally depending on local vegetation, elevation, climate, and soil chemistry, most AMF have low host-specificity (Lee et al, 2013; Veresoglou and Rillig, 2014; Peay et al, 2016). Since AMF readily form symbiosis with multiple plant species, mycorrhizae isolated from one location have the potentially to successfully colonize plants at other sites.…”

Section: Inoculum Synthetic Biology and The Development Of Fungal Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Mycorrhizal Symbioses to Alter Plant Metabolism and Improve Crop Health

French

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Creating sustainable bioeconomies for the 21st century relies on optimizing the use of biological resources to improve agricultural productivity and create new products. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (phylum Glomeromycota) form symbiotic relationships with over 80% of vascular plants. In return for carbon, these fungi improve plant health and tolerance to environmental stress. This symbiosis is over 400 million years old and there are currently over 200 known arbuscular mycorrhizae, with dozens of new species described annually. Metagenomic sequencing of native soil communities, from species-rich meadows to mangroves, suggests biologically diverse habitats support a variety of mycorrhizal species with potential agricultural, medical, and biotechnological applications. This review looks at the effect of mycorrhizae on plant metabolism and how we can harness this symbiosis to improve crop health. I will first describe the mechanisms that underlie this symbiosis and what physiological, metabolic, and environmental factors trigger these plant-fungal relationships. These include mycorrhizal manipulation of host genetic expression, host mitochondrial and plastid proliferation, and increased production of terpenoids and jasmonic acid by the host plant. I will then discuss the effects of mycorrhizae on plant root and foliar secondary metabolism. I subsequently outline how mycorrhizae induce three key benefits in crops: defense against pathogen and herbivore attack, drought resistance, and heavy metal tolerance. I conclude with an overview of current efforts to harness mycorrhizal diversity to improve crop health through customized inoculum. I argue future research should embrace synthetic biology to create mycorrhizal chasses with improved symbiotic abilities and potentially novel functions to improve plant health. As the effects of climate change and anthropogenic disturbance increase, the global diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi should be monitored and protected to ensure this important agricultural and biotechnological resource for the future.

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Dimensions of biodiversity in the Earth mycobiome

Cited by 506 publications

References 125 publications

More than one fungus in the pepper pot: Integrative taxonomy unmasks hidden species within Myriostoma coliforme (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota)

More than one fungus in the pepper pot: Integrative taxonomy unmasks hidden species within Myriostoma coliforme (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota)

Assembly of seed-associated microbial communities within and across successive plant generations

Engineering Mycorrhizal Symbioses to Alter Plant Metabolism and Improve Crop Health

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