Diminished Insulin Receptors on Erythrocyte Ghosts in Nonobese Patients with Essential Hypertension Independent of Hyperinsulinemia

Sanchez-Margalet, V.; Valle, Miguel; Lobón, J A; Escobar, Fabrícia Teixeira; Cano, R. Pérez; Goberna, R.

doi:10.1097/00005344-199407000-00013

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Increased levels of circulating insulin can cause downregulation of its receptors. A reduced number of insulin receptors have indeed been demonstrated in erythrocytes of both hyperinsulinaemic and non-insulinaemic hypertonic patients (38). We cannot exclude the possibility of downregulated insulin receptors and a reduced glucose uptake into erythrocytes of our study athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes

Branth¹,

Hambræus²,

Piehl-Aulin³

et al. 2009

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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Few studies have examined energy metabolism during prolonged, strenuous exercise. We wanted therefore to investigate energy metabolic consequences of a prolonged period of continuous strenuous work with very high energy expenditure. Twelve endurance-trained athletes (6 males and 6 females) were recruited. They performed a 7-h bike race on high work-load intensity. Physiological, biochemical, endocrinological, and anthropometric muscular compartment variables were monitored before, during, and after the race. The energy expenditure was high, being 5557 kcal. Work-load intensity (% of VO2 peak) was higher in females (77.7%) than in men (69.9%). Muscular glycogen utilization was pronounced, especially in type I fibres (>90%). Additionally, muscular triglyceride lipolysis was considerably accelerated. Plasma glucose levels were increased concomitantly with an unchanged serum insulin concentration which might reflect an insulin resistance state in addition to proteolytic glyconeogenesis. Increased reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde (MDA)) were additional signs of metabolic stress. MDA levels correlated with glycogen utilization rate. A relative deficiency of energy substrate on a cellular level was indicated by increased intracellular water of the leg muscle concomitantly with increased extracellular levels of the osmoregulatory amino acid taurine. A kindred nature of a presumed insulin-resistant state with less intracellular availability of glucose for erythrocytes was also indicated by the findings of decreased MCV together with increased MCHC (haemoconcentration) after the race. This strenuous energy-demanding work created a metabolic stress-like condition including signs of insulin resistance and deteriorated intracellular glucose availability leading to compromised fuelling of ion pumps, culminating in a disturbed cellular osmoregulation indicated by taurine efflux and cellular swelling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes

Branth¹,

Hambræus²,

Piehl-Aulin³

et al. 2009

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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“…In healthy normotensive offspring of patients with essential hypertension, blood pressure and plasma insulin was higher when compared with normotensive subjects with no family history of hypertension, and the number of insulin receptors in erythrocytes was reduced (52). This reduction in insulin receptors was also demonstrated in erythrocyte ghosts of patients with essential hypertension (53). Salt-sensitive essential hypertensive patients are more insulin resistant than saltresistant individuals (54), and high salt intake exacerbates insulin resistance in salt-sensitive hypertensive subjects (55).…”

Section: Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 95%

The antihypertensive effect of arginine

Vasdev¹,

Gill²

2008

Int J Angiol

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Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Individuals with hypertension are at increased risk of stroke, heart disease and kidney failure. Although the etiology of essential hypertension has a genetic component, lifestyle factors such as diet play an important role. Reducing dietary salt is effective in lowering blood pressure in salt-sensitive individuals. Insulin resistance and altered glucose metabolism are common features of hypertension in humans and animal models, with or without salt sensitivity. Altered glucose metabolism leads to increased formation of advanced glycation end products. Insulin resistance is also linked to oxidative stress, and alterations in the nitric oxide pathway and renin angiotensin system. A diet rich in protein containing the semiessential amino acid, arginine, and arginine treatment, lowers blood pressure in humans and in animal models. This may be due to the ability of arginine to improve insulin resistance, decrease advanced glycation end products formation, increase nitric oxide, and decrease levels of angiotensin II and oxidative stress, with improved endothelial cell function and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study demonstrated that the DASH diet, rich in vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy products; low in fat; and including whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts, lowered blood pressures even more than a typical North American diet with similar reduced sodium content. The DASH diet is rich in protein; the blood pressure-lowering effect of the DASH diet may be due to its higher arginine-containing protein, higher antioxidants and low salt content.

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“…10 However, previous studies in hypertensive patients have demonstrated that patients with essential hypertension can show decreased erythrocyte insulin receptors without detectable hyperinsulinemia. 11 Moreover, blood pressure lowering with ␤ 1 -selective blockers is associated with no change 12 or an increase 13 in insulin resistance, the latter reflected in an increase in insulin and glucose plasma concentrations. In contrast, treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors results in decreased insulin resistance, as indicated by the low fasting and post-glucose-load insulin plasma concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Receptor Number in Arterial Hypertension Response to Treatment With Fosinopril or Atenolol

Makris

Krespi

Triposkiadis

et al. 1998

American Journal of Hypertension

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Human insulin receptor (hINR) number and itsR esistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are common in arterial hypertension, occurring in approximately 50% of patients.1,2 The underlying mechanism, which has not yet been delineated, may include disturbances of insulin transport from plasma into the interstitial fluid, binding of insulin to its receptor (human insulin receptor, hINR), and the activity of a range of postreceptor signaling pathways. 3 The purpose of the present study was two-fold: 1) to determine the hINR number in normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients, and 2) to evaluate the effect of arterial pressure reduction with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (fosinopril) or a ␤ 1 -selective blocker (atenolol) on hINR number. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study PopulationFourteen male normotensive subjects and 40 male patients with newly detected essential hypertension were studied. Twenty of the hypertensive patients, who were subsequently treated with fosinopril (10 to 20 mg orally) comprised Group A and the rest, who were treated with atenolol (25 to 50 mg orally) Group B. Patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic, renal, thyroid, obstructive pulmonary, or coronary artery disease, or diabetes mellitus were excluded.Blood Pressure Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at the time of the first and fifth Korotkoff sound, respectively. Measurements were made on the right arm to the nearest millimeter of mercury using a mercury sphygmomanometer. All

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Diminished Insulin Receptors on Erythrocyte Ghosts in Nonobese Patients with Essential Hypertension Independent of Hyperinsulinemia

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes

Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes

The antihypertensive effect of arginine

Insulin Receptor Number in Arterial Hypertension Response to Treatment With Fosinopril or Atenolol

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