Dinâmica da concentração da atividade industrial no Brasil entre 1994 e 2004: uma análise a partir de economias de aglomeração e da nova geografia econômica

Abstract

O trabalho caracteriza os níveis e padrões da concentração da indústria brasileira entre 1994 e 2004, e identifica os determinantes econômicos do crescimento do emprego industrial estadual brasileiro no período. As evidências mostram que desconcentração industrial é mais forte para o segmento intensivo em recursos naturais e mais fraca no de intensivo capital. Novos polos de crescimento do emprego parecem surgir no Nordeste, especialmente, para o segmento intensivo trabalho. As evidências obtidas apontam para a importância das externalidades dinâmicas - as quais são mensuradas pela variável diversidade industrial - dos linkages de mercados e dos custos de transportes para o crescimento do emprego. Essas evidências são coerentes com os argumentos da Nova Geografia Econômica e de Jacobs.<br>The work characterizes the concentration levels and patterns of Brazilian transformation Industry, and identifies the economical determinants of the industrial employment growth for the states of Brazil, in 1994 and 2004. The evidences show that industrial desconcentration is stronger for the intensive capital segment and weaker for natural resources segment. New poles of employment growth seem to appear in the Northeast, especially, for the segment intensive labor. The market linkages, or pecuniary externalities, and of the dynamic externalities, measured by the industrial diversity, are important evidence for the employment growth of transformation industry of Brazilian states. While the transport costs, when controlled by fixed effects, they present negative statistical correlation with the employment growth, consistent to NEG

Manufacturing location patterns in Brazil

“…I G U R E 5 K-density estimates for selected manufacturing sectors (3-digit CNAE) that are dispersed (a and b) and random(c and d) in 2006 and 2015 This initial general evidence is in line with the high degree of spatial concentration of manufacturing in Brazil obtained in previous studies using traditional (not distance-based) indicators (see, e.g.,Azzoni, 1986;Lautert & Araújo, 2007;Resende & Wyllie, 2005;Silva & Silveira Neto, 2009;Silveira Neto, 2005), and indicates temporal persistence of the general patterns of location of manufacturing in the country between 2006 and 2015. Importantly, this general temporal persistence suggests that, despite the decreased participation of the Southeast region in the total number of plants and employment recently pointed out byRocha et al (2019) and the reduction in regional income inequality in the country between the 1990s and 2000s (SilveiraNeto & Azzoni, 2012), the general pattern of location of Brazilian manufacturing activities has not undergone significant changes over time.…”

Industrial scope of agglomeration economies in Brazil

“…Amaral et al (2010) estimate a New Economic Geography (NEG) wage equation and find a positive relationship between wages and market potential. Also based on a NEG model,Fally et al (2010) find that market potential and supply access (intermediary goods) are positively related to individual wages Silva and Silveira-Neto (2009). explore the determinants of manufacture employment growth at the state-sector level in Brazil between 1994 and 2004.Among the explanatory variables, there are the average wage, average firm size, connections (concentration index based on backward and forward linkages), a proxy for transportation costs, and dynamic externalities (specialization and diversity).…”

Localização das aglomerações do setor industrial nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste:uma análise comparativa nos governos FHC e Lula

“…Conforme Diniz e Campolina (2007), a importância dos serviços modernos, como a tecnologia e os investimentos, ampliou seus mercados, o que compensou a queda da participação na produção industrial. As evidências da desconcentração industrial mostram que ela acontece de forma mais intensiva no segmento de recursos naturais e de forma contrária, mais suave no intensivo capital (SILVA, SILVEIRA NETO, 2009).…”