Silveira Neto R. Da M. and Azzoni C. R. Non-spatial government policies and regional income inequality in Brazil, Regional Studies. This paper uses both macro- and micro-data to analyse the role of social programmes in the recent reduction in Brazilian regional income inequality. Convergence indicators are presented for different sources of regional income in the period 1995-2006. A decomposition of the Gini indicator allows the identification of the role of each of these income sources with respect to the reduction of regional inequality during the period. The results point out that both labour productivity and government non-spatial policies - mainly minimum wage changes and income transference programmes - do have a role in explaining regional inequality reduction during the period. [image omitted] Silveira Neto R. Da M. et Azzoni C. R. Les politiques gouvernementales non-spatiales et l'ecart des revenus regionaux au Bresil, Regional Studies. Cet article emploie des donnees a la fois macroeconomiques et microeconomiques afin d'analyser le role des programmes d'actions sociales quant a la baisse recente de l'ecart des revenus regionaux au Bresil. On presente des indicateurs de convergence pour diverses sources des revenus regionaux pour la periode allant de 1995 a 2006. Une decomposition du coefficient de Gini permet d'identifier le role de chacune de ces sources des revenus par rapport a la baisse de l'ecart des revenus pendant cette periode. Les resultats indiquent que la productivite du travail et les politiques gouvernementales non-spatiales - notamment la modification du salaire minimum et les programmes visant le transfert des revenus - ont un role a jouer pour expliquer la baisse de l'ecart des revenus regionaux pendant la periode en question. Convergence Productivite du travail Transfert des revenus Salaire minimum Effets spatiaux des politiques non-spatiales Silveira Neto R. Da M. und Azzoni C. R. Nicht raumliche Regierungspolitiken und das regionale Einkommensungleichgewicht in Brasilien, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir mit Hilfe von Makro- und Mikrodaten die Rolle von sozialen Programmen bei der unlangst erzielten Verringerung des regionalen Einkommensungleichgewichts in Brasilien. Wir stellen Konvergenz-Indikatoren fur verschiedene regionale Einkommensquellen im Zeitraum von 1995 bis 2006 vor. Eine Dekomposition des Gini-Indikators ermoglicht die Identifizierung der jeweiligen Rolle dieser Einkommensquellen fur die Verringerung des regionalen Ungleichgewichts im betreffenden Zeitraum. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sowohl die Produktivitat der Arbeitskrafte als auch die nicht raumlichen Regierungspolitiken - in erster Linie Veranderungen beim Mindestlohn und Programme fur Einkommenstransfers - als Grunde fur die Verringerung des regionalen Ungleichgewichts in dieser Periode durchaus eine Rolle spielen. Konvergenz Arbeitsproduktivitat Einkommenstransfer Mindestlohn Raumliche Auswirkungen nicht raumlicher Politiken Silveira Neto R. Da M. y Azzoni C. R. Politicas gubernament...
Urban and rural population growth in a spatial panel of municipalities. Regional Studies. Using Bayesian posterior model probabilities and data pertaining to 3659 Brazilian minimum comparable areas (MCAs) over the period 1970-2010, two theoretical settings of population growth dynamics resulting in two spatial econometric specifications in combination with a wide range of potential neighbourhood matrices are tested against each other. The best performing combination counts five determinants producing significant long-term spatial spillover effects. Ignoring these spillovers, as many previous population growth studies have done, is shown to underestimate their impact and thus the effectiveness of policy measures acting on these determinants.
CARVALHO R. and SILVEIRA NETO R. Physical and human capital and Brazilian regional growth: a spatial econometric approach for the period 1970-2010, Regional Studies. This paper identifies the determinants of economic growth and analyses the dynamics of income using a panel of 522 Brazilian micro-regions for period . Based on the spatial extension of the Mankiw-Romer-Weil (MRW) model and explicitly considering both physical and human capital, the parameters of a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) with fixed-effects are estimated. The direct and indirect impacts of the determinants of regional growth are then calculated. The results indicate strong spatial dependence among Brazilian micro-regions and that investments in both physical and human capital are important for the growth of the Brazilian regional economies. BrazilEconomic growth Spatial spillovers Spatial panel Income convergence CARVALHO R. and SILVEIRA NETO R. 实质与人力资本,以及巴西的区域成长:1970 年至 2010 年的空间计量经济方 法,区域研究。本文指认经济成长的决定因素,并运用巴西五百二十二座微区域自 1970 年至 2010 年的面板,分析 所得的动态。本研究根据 Mankiw-Romer-Weil (MRW)模型的空间延伸,并确切地同时考量实质与人力资本,评 价具有固定效应的空间杜宾模型(SDM)的参数。本研究接着计算区域成长决定因素的直接与间接影响。研究结果 指出巴西微区域中的强大区域依赖,以及对实质及人力资本的投资,对于巴西区域经济的成长而言皆相当重要。 巴西 经济成长 空间外溢 空间面板 所得收敛 CARVALHO R. et SILVEIRA NETO R. Le capital physique et humain et la croissance régionale au Brésil: une approche par l'économétrie spatiale pour la période allant de 1970 à 2010, Regional Studies. Ce présent article identifie les déterminants de la croissance économique et analyse la dynamique du revenu à partir d'un panel de 522 micro-régions brésiliennes pour la période allant de 1970 à 2010. Reposant sur une extension spatiale du modèle de Mankiw-Romer-Weil (MRW) et considérant explicitement le capital physique et humain, tous les deux, on estime les paramètres du modèle de Durbin spatial (SDM) à effets fixes. Il s'ensuit le calcul des impact directs et indirects des déterminants de la croissance régionale. Les résultats indiquent une forte dépendance spatiale des micro-régions brésiliennes et l'importance des investissements dans le capital physique et humain, tous les deux, quant à la croissance des économies régionales du Brésil. Brésil Croissance économique Retombées spatiales Panel spatial Convergence des revenus CARVALHO R. und SILVEIRA NETO R. Physisches und Humankapital und regionales Wachstum in Brasilien: ein räumlich-ökonometrischer Ansatz für den Zeitraum von 1970 bis 2010, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag werden anhand eines Panels von 522 brasilianischen Mikroregionen im Zeitraum von 1970 bis 2010 die Determinanten des Wirtschaftswachstums identifiziert und die Einkommensdynamik analysiert. Ausgehend von der räumlichen Ausbreitung des Mankiw-Romer-Weil-(MRW)-Modells und unter ausdrücklicher Berücksichtigung des physischen und Humankapitals werden die Parameter eines Spatial-Durbin-Modells (SDM) mit Fixeffekten geschätzt. Anschließend werden die direkten und indirekten Auswirkungen der Determinanten des regionalen Wachstums berechnet. Die Ergebnisse lassen auf eine starke räumliche Dependenz unter den brasil...
A partir de uma base em dados primária derivada de pesquisa de campo da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, este trabalho preenche parte da lacuna na literatura brasileira ao apresentar evidências recentes e inéditas a respeito da mobilidade intergeracional de educação na Região Metropolitana do Recife em 2010, evidências estas que são cotejadas com aquelas para demais Regiões Metropolitanas obtidas para o ano de 1996. Os principais resultados obtidos, que refletem um período de significativas transformações sociais, confirmam o que a literatura que trata da mobilidade intergeracional de educação destaca como importante: a persistência de educação entre pais e filhos no Brasil ainda é muito alta e heterogênea, mesmo em 2010 no caso do Recife, embora apresente redução em relação ao ano de 1996. A probabilidade de um filho cujo pai não tem escolaridade replicar o status educacional do seu pai é de 30%, valor considerado elevado quando tantas oportunidades educacionais estão disponíveis. Palavras-Chave educação, persistência intergeracional, armadilha de pobreza AbstractThe main objective of this work is to verify if the social changes in Brazil in recent decades impacted positively in increased rates of intergenerational mobility of education. Since based on the PNAD data of 1996's, Brazil is cited as one of the countries with the lowest intergenerational mobility in income and education in the world. Thus, this study provides results on intergenerational mobility of education in the metropolitan areas of Brazil in 1996, with results to a more recent period for the Metropolitan Region of Recife in 2010, based on data from Fundaj. The main results presented here confirm what the persistence of education among parents and children in Brazil is very high and heterogeneous. The probability of a child whose father has no education to replicate the educational status of his father is 30%, very high value for the year when so many educational opportunities are available.
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