A partir de uma base em dados primária derivada de pesquisa de campo da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, este trabalho preenche parte da lacuna na literatura brasileira ao apresentar evidências recentes e inéditas a respeito da mobilidade intergeracional de educação na Região Metropolitana do Recife em 2010, evidências estas que são cotejadas com aquelas para demais Regiões Metropolitanas obtidas para o ano de 1996. Os principais resultados obtidos, que refletem um período de significativas transformações sociais, confirmam o que a literatura que trata da mobilidade intergeracional de educação destaca como importante: a persistência de educação entre pais e filhos no Brasil ainda é muito alta e heterogênea, mesmo em 2010 no caso do Recife, embora apresente redução em relação ao ano de 1996. A probabilidade de um filho cujo pai não tem escolaridade replicar o status educacional do seu pai é de 30%, valor considerado elevado quando tantas oportunidades educacionais estão disponíveis. Palavras-Chave educação, persistência intergeracional, armadilha de pobreza AbstractThe main objective of this work is to verify if the social changes in Brazil in recent decades impacted positively in increased rates of intergenerational mobility of education. Since based on the PNAD data of 1996's, Brazil is cited as one of the countries with the lowest intergenerational mobility in income and education in the world. Thus, this study provides results on intergenerational mobility of education in the metropolitan areas of Brazil in 1996, with results to a more recent period for the Metropolitan Region of Recife in 2010, based on data from Fundaj. The main results presented here confirm what the persistence of education among parents and children in Brazil is very high and heterogeneous. The probability of a child whose father has no education to replicate the educational status of his father is 30%, very high value for the year when so many educational opportunities are available.
This paper investigates the influence of the school shift change on the academic performance of 6th and 7th graders (lower secondary education) of public schools in the city of Recife, Brazil. The empirical analyses use educational data from a panel of the Brazilian Ministry of Education, with a sample of 4,500 students, 3,468 parents or guardians, 85 principals, and 137 teachers working in 87 public schools that were spatially distributed. The identification strategy explores a quasi-experiment in which some classes of the investigated sample had their school shifts changed between the two years, which occurred exclusively due to the school logistics and regardless of the parents’ preferences. Difference-in-differences models combined with propensity score matching demonstrate that students who shifted from morning to afternoon between the two years analyzed improved their Portuguese test scores, and that those who experienced the opposite change, from afternoon to morning, had a drop in the performance. Estimations in intermediary outcomes also reveal that the changes in the students’ sleeping habits are an important mechanism that explains the relation between the scores and the school shift.
Existe um amplo consenso entre políticos e intelectuais de todo o mundo de que a redução da pobreza deve ser vista como uma das prioridades das políticas públicas. Deste modo, a mensuração do nível de pobreza se torna alvo de um intenso debate, na medida em que é necessário primeiramente identificar onde ela está localizada para, em seguida, ter-se condições de combatê-la. Hoje, no Brasil, esta preocupação se torna mais evidente quando as análises enfocam o espaço econômico do Nordeste, visto que esta Região é reconhecidamente a mais carente do País. Simultaneamente, é sabido que a partir de meados de 1994 uma nova realidade política foi imposta ao País, acarretando uma série de consequências sobre a população nacional e, automaticamente, também sobre a nordestina. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo mensurar e analisar a evolução da pobreza no Nordeste entre os anos de 1995 a 2005, expondo os principais atributos que influenciaram na dinâmica observada. De uma maneira geral, observou-se que, embora em 2005 os indicadores de pobreza ainda permanecessem em patamares alarmantes, houve uma tendência semelhante na sua evolução na Região - um considerável declínio entre 1995 e 2005 - contudo, com pequenas divergências nas intensidades de comportamento dos diferentes estados.
All over the world, there is a broad consensus between politicians and intellectuals that poverty reduction should be seen as one priority regarding public policies. Therefore, measuring poverty level becomes the target of an intense debate, when it is necessary firstly to identify where poverty is located to have, afterwards, conditions of fighting it. Nowadays, in Brazil, this concern is more evident when the analyses focus the economical space of the Northeast, because this region is considered the poorest of the country. Simultaneously, it is known that since mid 1994, a new political reality was imposed to the country, resulting in several consequences for national population and also Northeaster population. In general terms, this article has as general objective to measure and analyze poverty evolution in nine states of the Brazilian Northeast Region among 1995 and 2005, exposing main attributes that influenced in the observed situation. In general, it was observed that, in spite of the fact that in 2005 the poverty indicators were in high levels, there was a similar tendency in poverty evolution in the region - a significant decline between 1995 and 2005 - however, with some divergences in the intensity of the behavior of different states
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