Dinámica de fungicidas en suelos de viñedo enmendados con sustratos postcultivo de hongos

Dissipation of Fungicides in a Vineyard Soil Amended with Different Spent Mushroom Substrates

“…Metabolite CGA 62826 might form bound residues in unamended and amended soils because its sorption was up to 8 times higher than the sorption of metalaxyl by the same soils. 17 The higher formation of bound residues of metalaxyl in Al+F-SMS2 in relation to Al+C-SMS1 is consistent with the higher degradation in this soil with higher DOC content. DOC could sorb the fungicide, enhancing its bioavailability for degradation as we have previously indicated.…”

“…The formation of nonextractable residues in the soils was in general higher for metalaxyl than for penconazole. This could be explained because the sorption of metalaxyl by soils is low 17 (Table 1) and the degradation of fungicide was enhanced as previously indicated (Figure 2). Metabolite CGA 62826 might form bound residues in unamended and amended soils because its sorption was up to 8 times higher than the sorption of metalaxyl by the same soils.…”

“…This could be explained because the sorption of metalaxyl by soils is low (Table ) and the degradation of fungicide was enhanced as previously indicated (Figure ). Metabolite CGA 62826 might form bound residues in unamended and amended soils because its sorption was up to 8 times higher than the sorption of metalaxyl by the same soils . The higher formation of bound residues of metalaxyl in Al+F-SMS2 in relation to Al+C-SMS1 is consistent with the higher degradation in this soil with higher DOC content.…”

“…The DT 50 values calculated in the Al+C-SMS1 soil increased 1.8–1.8 (metalaxyl), 3.8–1.5 (pyrimethanil), 3.1–4.1 (iprovalicarb), and >1000 (penconazole) times compared to those in the Al+F-SMS2 or unamended soil, respectively. Higher sorption coefficients of fungicides by Al+C-SMS1 than by Al+F-SMS2 (Table ) could explain the slower degradation rate in C-SMS1-amended soil for all of the fungicides studied. The influence of sorption on the degradation kinetics of pesticides in soils has been observed in many studies, due to a decrease in the bioavailability and biodegradation of these compounds sorbed by soil .…”

“…The characteristics of the fungicides iprovalicarb, metalaxyl, penconazole, and pyrimethanil are included in Table . , Penconazole and metalaxyl were kindly supplied by Novartis Crop Protection AG (Basel, Switzerland). Unlabeled (>97.2% purity) and labeled [ triazole -U- 14 C]-penconazole and [ phenyl -U- 14 C]-metalaxyl (specific activities of 1.02 and 1.37 MBq mg –1 and 98.1 and 97.2% purities, respectively) were used.…”