Dinitrochlorobenzene Skin Testing Predicts Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Dialysis Patients

Bramwell, StephenP.; Briggs, J. D.; Stewart, JohnS.S.; Watson, M. J.; Tsakiris, Dimitrios; Follett, EdwardA.C.; McWhinnie, D. L.; Hamilton, DavidN.H.; Junor, BrianJ.R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91844-6

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…They are comparable to those of Lelie et al [9] using 9-fold increased doses of the Dutch CLB vaccine, and Benhamou et al [10], using multiple doses of the Pasteur vaccine. Our experience does not confirm the suggestion of Branwell et al [12] who predicted low seroconversion rates in the majority of dialysis patients with weak re sponses to DNCB skin testing. The general low immune responsiveness in dialysis patients can be overcome as another study conducted in the same group of dialysis patients yielded more than 70% seroconversion after in fluenza vaccination [13].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients

Geelen¹,

Schalm²,

Visser³

et al. 1987

Nephron

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The impaired immune reactivity of hemodialysis patients has been reported to interfere with adequate antibody responses to standard doses of hepatitis B vaccine. In 22 hemodialysis patients, however, a 92% conversion rate could be obtained by administering multiple doses of plasma-derived MSD-vaccine. As the cost of such an amplified vaccination schedule is still lower than the cost of one dialysis treatment, this active vaccination policy for highly susceptible patients appears financially justified.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients

Geelen¹,

Schalm²,

Visser³

et al. 1987

Nephron

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“…Although both groups showed negative delayed skin hypersensitivity responses, the group with HBs antigenemia also had an increase in serum IgE levels, sug gesting a loss in suppressor T cell activity. Interestingly, HD patients with depressed CMI have also been found to be hepatitis B vaccine nonresponders [ 13]. Thus, it appears that a poor CMI response not only predisposes HD patients to the chronic HBV carrier state, but also impairs their response to the vaccine [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Mediated Immunity in Patients on Hemodialysis: Relationship with Hepatitis B Carrier Status

Lee

Yap²,

Tan³

et al. 1991

Am J Nephrol

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We compared cell-mediated immune responses in two groups of patients on hemodialysis. One group of patients were chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the patients of the other group were HBV antigen negative. Our results show that despite the presence of normal numbers of T cells and an increased CD4/CD8 ratio in both groups of patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001), only the group of patients who were chronic HBV carriers showed depressed lymphoproliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (p < 0.001) and concanavalin A (p < 0.0001). In contrast, a control group of healthy adult HBV carriers showed normal T cell subsets and lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens, indicating that HBV infection per se did not result in depressed lymphoproliferative responses. These results further substantiate the notion that depressed cell-mediated immunity in chronic renal failure is an important factor in predisposing patients to HBV infection with subsequent development of the chronic carrier state.

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“…In dialysis patients, the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination is greatly impaired, since in marked con trast to healthy individuals only about 60% of them acquire protective antibody titers [1,2,20,21]. In vitro studies have shown that in uremic nonresponders monocytesfail to deliver the signals essential forT cell prolifer ation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Thymopentin on Antibody Response, and Monocyte and T Cell Function in Hemodialysis Patients Who Fail to Respond to Hepatitis B Vaccination

Dumann¹,

Meuer²,

Renschin³

et al. 1990

Nephron

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We investigated the influence of thymopentin as an adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccination on in vitro monocyte and T cell function and in vivo antibody response in a prospective, placebo-controlled double-blind trial in 20 low- and nonresponders to hepatitis B vaccination on chronic hemodialysis. 50 mg thymopentin was given subcutaneously twice per week for 3 weeks, followed by 1 intramuscular injection of 40 μg HB-Vax and 3 subsequent injections of thymopentin. After 1 month, the patients were boostered with 40 μg HB-Vax. There was no significant difference in T cell and monocyte function after administration of thymopentin, as determined in vitro. After 3 months, 3 patients in the placebo and 2 patients in the thymopentin group had antibody titers greater than 10 U/l. In both groups only patients with normal or slightly impaired monocyte function responded to vaccination. Thus, we were not able to demonstrate a beneficial effect of thymopentin on hepatitis B vaccination in nonresponders on chronic hemodialysis. Furthermore, functional tests were not able to identify a subpopulation of uremic nonresponders who would benefit from thymopentin.

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Dinitrochlorobenzene Skin Testing Predicts Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Dialysis Patients

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients

Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients

Cell-Mediated Immunity in Patients on Hemodialysis: Relationship with Hepatitis B Carrier Status

Influence of Thymopentin on Antibody Response, and Monocyte and T Cell Function in Hemodialysis Patients Who Fail to Respond to Hepatitis B Vaccination

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