Dinoflagellate phylogeny revisited: reconciling morphological and molecular based phylogenies

Fensome, Robert A.; Saldarriaga, Juan F.; Taylor, “Max” F. J. R.

doi:10.1080/00173139908559216

Cited by 114 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Four independent lines of evidence support this: monophyly of the modern thecates in multiprotein phylogenies ( Fig. 1), rapid emergence of fossils reflecting the possession of the theca during the early Mesozoic (30), similarities in tabulation patterns between different thecate lineages (15,26), and the presence of theca-associated cellulases of a common evolutionary origin in modern thecates (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…As explained earlier, we suggest that the suessioid and gymnodinioid tabulations of the Symbiodiniaceae and their sister group, the Borghiellaceae (27), are also derived secondarily from gonyaulacoid-peridinioid ancestors and originated by a secondary increase in plate number (Fig. 2A); they do not represent early intermediates in theca evolution, as considered by some earlier models (15,32). In contrast, the Late Triassic suessioid fossils such as Suessia could represent an intermediate stage between gymnodinioid and gonyaulacoidperidinioid tabulation types or an independent example of decrease in primary plate number from gymnodinioid ancestors ( Fig.…”

Section: Thecal Evolution and Dinoflagellate Paleohistorymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Dinoflagellates have left a fossil record that is one of the richest among protists, and many preserve a detailed record of tabulation through reflection of thecal plates that provide insights into the history of some modern taxa, as well as extinct groups. They have also left an extensive biogeochemical record (i.e., sterols), but reconciling this evidence with poorly resolved gene phylogenies has been difficult (15,16).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dinosterol is absent in deep-branching dinoflagellates. The diversity and abundance of dinoflagellates in Mesozoic and younger sediments correlates with levels of triaromatic dinosterols, derivatives of the fossilizing biomarker 4-methyl sterol, dinosterol (4α, 23, 24R-trimethyl-5α-cholest-22E-en-3β-ol) (15,35). Dinosteranes also occur in Late Proterozoic and early Paleozoic sediments that are often enriched with acritarchs (microfossils of uncertain origin, some of which have been speculatively attributed to dinoflagellates or their direct ancestors), and this has led to the proposal that dinoflagellates are ancient and acquired dinosterol biosynthesis early in their evolution (35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Thecal Evolution and Dinoflagellate Paleohistorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major transitions in dinoflagellate evolution unveiled by phylotranscriptomics

Janouškovec

Gavelis

Burki

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Dinoflagellates are key species in marine environments, but they remain poorly understood in part because of their large, complex genomes, unique molecular biology, and unresolved in-group relationships. We created a taxonomically representative dataset of dinoflagellate transcriptomes and used this to infer a strongly supported phylogeny to map major morphological and molecular transitions in dinoflagellate evolution. Our results show an earlybranching position of Noctiluca, monophyly of thecate (plate-bearing) dinoflagellates, and paraphyly of athecate ones. This represents unambiguous phylogenetic evidence for a single origin of the group's cellulosic theca, which we show coincided with a radiation of cellulases implicated in cell division. By integrating dinoflagellate molecular, fossil, and biogeochemical evidence, we propose a revised model for the evolution of thecal tabulations and suggest that the late acquisition of dinosterol in the group is inconsistent with dinoflagellates being the source of this biomarker in pre-Mesozoic strata. Three distantly related, fundamentally nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellates, Noctiluca, Oxyrrhis, and Dinophysis, contain cryptic plastidial metabolisms and lack alternative cytosolic pathways, suggesting that all free-living dinoflagellates are metabolically dependent on plastids. This finding led us to propose general mechanisms of dependency on plastid organelles in eukaryotes that have lost photosynthesis; it also suggests that the evolutionary origin of bioluminescence in nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellates may be linked to plastidic tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Finally, we use our phylogenetic framework to show that dinoflagellate nuclei have recruited DNA-binding proteins in three distinct evolutionary waves, which included two independent acquisitions of bacterial histone-like proteins.dinoflagellates | phylogeny | theca | plastids | dinosterol D inoflagellates comprise approximately 2,400 named extant species, of which approximately half are photosynthetic (1). However, this represents a fraction of their estimated diversity: in surface marine waters, dinoflagellates are some of the most abundant and diverse eukaryotes known (2). Dinoflagellates' ecological significance befits their abundance: photosynthetic species are dominant marine primary producers, and phagotrophic species play an important role in the microbial loop through predation and nutrient recycling. Approximately 75-80% of the toxic eukaryotic phytoplankton species are dinoflagellates, and they cause shellfish poisoning and harmful algal blooms of global importance. Symbiotic genera like Symbiodinium participate in interactions with metazoans and are essential for the formation of reef ecosystems, and parasitic forms play a central role in the collapse of harmful algal blooms, including those caused by dinoflagellates themselves (3). Dinoflagellates synthesize important secondary metabolites including sterols, polyketides, toxins, and dimethylsulfide, and several of them have evolved bioluminescence. They ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Thecal Evolution and Dinoflagellate Paleohistorymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thecal Evolution and Dinoflagellate Paleohistorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Major transitions in dinoflagellate evolution unveiled by phylotranscriptomics

Janouškovec

Gavelis

Burki

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

237

211

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show abstract

“…All fossils unequivocally recognisable as dinoflagellates are Mesozoic and Cenozoic. However, biochemical and cytological evidence strongly indicates a Proterozoic origin for this important phytoplanktonic group (Evitt 1985, Moldowan & Talyzina 1998, Fensome et al 1999), which had a major radiation during the early Mesozoic (Fensome et al 1996. Preservable cysts are produced by c. 13 -16% of all living dinoflagellate species (Head 1996); however, these data refer to the entire dinoflagellate spectrum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%