Dinophysis norvegica (Dinophyceae), more a predator than a producer?

Carvalho, Wanderson Fernandes de; Minnhagen, Susanna; Granéli, Edna

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2007.07.002

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Results from this study indicate that prey accessibility to Dinophysis was quite variable, both horizontally and vertically. These results are in agreement with previous observations on the variability in frequency of vacuolated cells of Dinophysis in Maine waters (USA) and in the Baltic Sea (Jacobson & Andersen 1994, Carvalho et al 2008. Assuming that M. rubra constitutes the main food of D. acuminata in the Galician Rías, the matchmismatch of their respective distributions might account for the variations in cell vacuolation.…”

Section: Characterization Of Dinophysis Acuminata Cellssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…), allowed the establishment of laboratory cultures of Dinophysis with very high division rates (>1 doubling d -1 ). Nevertheless, the frequency of cells containing food vacuoles in natural populations of D. acuminata and D. norvegica is very variable in NE US coastal waters and in the Baltic Sea (Jacobson & Andersen 1994, Carvalho et al 2008, and undetectable during late stages of D. acuta blooms in the Galician Rías Baixas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoplankton assemblages and characterization of a Dinophysis acuminata population during an upwelling–downwelling cycle

González-Gil¹,

Velo‐Suárez²,

Gentien³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The distributions of Dinophysis acuminata, its potential prey Myrionecta rubra, and the microplankton populations associated with them, were studied in Ría de Pontevedra (NW Spain) during a 2 wk cruise that covered an upwelling-downwelling cycle, and during intensive sampling over 21 h at the end of the cruise. Special attention was focused on the characterization and physiological condition of D. acuminata. There was vertical segregation between a phytoplankton assemblage that was dominated by upwelling-promoted diatoms and another assemblage that was dominated by small dinoflagellates located in the warmer surface layer (0 to 5 m) where D. acuminata was observed. High spatio-temporal variability was observed in the frequency of cells containing starch granules (indicating photosynthetic activity) and digestive vacuoles (indicating heterotrophic feeding); this pattern corresponded with the apparent availability of M. rubra cells. Populations of D. acuminata and M. rubra have their own niches and distinct responses to physical forcing, but both are located in common water masses and occasionally meet. Changes in vacuolation of D. acuminata were followed by a substantial increase (~35%) in cellular volume. D. acuminata did not exhibit daily migratory behaviour, and expressed a high division rate (0.51 d -1 ) under downwelling conditions. This work sheds new light on the relation between D. acuminata populations and its potential prey, and on its ecophysiology; it also questions previous assumptions about the environment that is suitable for its development. KEY WORDS: Harmful algal blooms · Plankton communities · Dinophysis acuminata · Myrionecta rubra · Predator-prey interactionsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Characterization Of Dinophysis Acuminata Cellssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton assemblages and characterization of a Dinophysis acuminata population during an upwelling–downwelling cycle

González-Gil¹,

Velo‐Suárez²,

Gentien³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…The number of M. rubra cells declined after Day 7 due to death caused by unknown reasons, but many cells survived (310 cells ml The control plates of Dinophysis infundibulus contained Teleaulax amphioxeia but not the ciliate prey (Fig. 3E) (Park et al 2006, Carvalho et al 2008.…”

Section: Growth Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the marine dinoflagellate Dinophysis infundibulus (Dinophyceae)

Nishitani¹,

Nagai²,

Takano³

et al. 2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…However, the cell numbers of D. caudata declined slightly thereafter, and decreased until reaching only 20 cells well Ϫ1 by the end of the incubation, suggesting that D. caudata can not directly utilize T. amphioxeia as prey. Cultures of D. acuminata and D. norvegica were also not able to be established when Teleaulax was provided as the only prey (Park et al 2006, Carvalho et al 2008. Exponential growth of T. amphioxeia was observed until Day 4 at a growth rate of 1.57 divisions day Ϫ1 and continued to grow until Day 6, reaching a maximum yield of 2.8ϫ10 (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Successful cultivation of the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis caudata (Dinophyceae)

Nishitani¹,

Nagai²,

Sakiyama³

et al. 2008

Plankton Benthos Res

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IntroductionIn the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis, some species are known to cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). The physiological and ecological characteristics of this genus are not yet fully understood due to difficulties in culturing the organisms.Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent is one of the toxic species that causes DSP. Okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were detected from D. caudata cells (Ͻ76.3 pg cell Ϫ1 of OA and DTX1 in total) in Sapian Bay, the Philippines (Marasigan et al. 2001). This species is widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters and can appear abundantly in coastal waters, with a red tide of this species associated with mass mortalities of fish being reported in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan (Okaichi 1967). Holmes et al. (1999) reported that D. caudata was the main species causing DSP in green mussels in Singapore. Thus, D. caudata might be one of the main causative species of DSP in the future, especially in tropical regions. The establishment of cultures is crucial to study the physiology and toxicology of this species. Recently, Park et al. (2006) succeeded in cultivating Dinophysis acuminata Claparède et Lachmann at high cell densities (Ͼ11,000 cell mL Ϫ1 ) and maintained them for a long period (Ͼ6 months) by feeding the ciliate Myrionecta rubra (Lohmann 1908) grown with a cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. In this report, we followed their experimental design, and succeeded in cultivating D. caudata. We report here the conditions necessary for cultivation of D. caudata and describe their feeding strategy. Materials and MethodsThe marine ciliate Myrionecta rubra and the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia (Conrad) Hill were isolated from Inokushi Bay (131°53ЈE, 34°47ЈN) at the end of February 2007 in Oita Prefecture, Japan. Myrionecta rubra and T. amphioxeia were identified by their morphology and sequence data from the nuclear small subunit rDNA. The sequences are deposited in GenBank under accession num- (2006) succeeded in cultivating the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata and maintaining them by feeding the ciliate Myrionecta rubra grown with a cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. After this report, the present study is the second report of propagation of a Dinophysis species (Dinophysis caudata) under laboratory conditions and describes the maintenance of several clonal strains kept at high abundance (Ͼ5,000 cells mL Ϫ1) for a relatively long period (Ͼ4 months) when fed on M. rubra with the addition of Teleaulax amphioxeia. We confirmed that D. caudata swam actively around its ciliate prey and inserted its peduncle (feeding tube) into the ciliate. Thereafter, the prey became immobile and rounded. Dinophysis caudata actively ingested the cytoplasm of the prey through the peduncle. Dinophysis caudata grew at a growth rate of 1.03 divisions day Ϫ1 when supplied with M. rubra as prey, reaching a maximum concentration of ca. 5,000 cell well Ϫ1 (810 mL) during a 9 day growth experiment. In contrast, a culture of D. caudata was not able to be established in the absence of the...

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Dinophysis norvegica (Dinophyceae), more a predator than a producer?

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Phytoplankton assemblages and characterization of a Dinophysis acuminata population during an upwelling–downwelling cycle

Phytoplankton assemblages and characterization of a Dinophysis acuminata population during an upwelling–downwelling cycle

Growth characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the marine dinoflagellate Dinophysis infundibulus (Dinophyceae)

Successful cultivation of the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis caudata (Dinophyceae)

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