Dip‐Pen‐Nanolithographic Patterning of Metallic, Semiconductor, and Metal Oxide Nanostructures on Surfaces

Basnar, B.; Willner, Itamar

doi:10.1002/smll.200800583

Cited by 124 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…h and r were binned to obtain ρ(r, h) by averaging over the configurations: the bin size for h was 3 Å. The radial bin boundaries were located at r i = (iδA/π) 1 This way, each bin of ρ has an equal volume (isochore binning). Only oxygen atoms were included when calculating ρ, and 1000 configurations were used for averaging.…”

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo Study on the Water Meniscus Condensation and Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy

2012

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The water meniscus condensed between a nanoscale tip and an atomically flat gold surface was examined under humid conditions using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The molecular structure of the meniscus was investigated with particular focus on its width and stability. The capillary force due to the meniscus showed a dampened oscillation with increasing separation between the tip and surface because of the formation and destruction of water layers. The layering of water between the tip and the surface was different from that of the water confined between two plates. The humidity dependence of the capillary force exhibited a crossover behavior with increasing humidity, which is in agreement with the typical atomic force microscopy experiment on a hydrophilic surface.

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Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 In these processes, the ambient water vapor condenses spontaneously into a liquid meniscus, which bridges the tip and surface. 3,4 This phenomenon is a manifestation of capillary condensation caused by the confinement of vapor trapped between two solids (tip and surface).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Study on the Water Meniscus Condensation and Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy

2012

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“…In addition to the Concept article, this issue includes a Review by B. Basnar and I. Willner, [4] in which the authors give an overview of different methodologies for the nanolithographic patterning of metallic, semiconductor, and metal oxide nanostructures on surfaces.…”

Section: Decades Have Passed Since Richardmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Five!

Oliveira¹

2009

Small

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“…[21][22][23][24] Although a slew of methodologies have been developed over the past decade to print gold features via DPN (see reference [25] for a review of DPN metal printing), very few groups have succeeded in depositing platinum at nanoscales. In one interesting approach, an electrochemical fountain pen was used to create free-standing platinum micro-and nano-structures [1,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale platinum printing on insulating substrates

O’Connell¹,

Higgins²,

Sullivan³

et al. 2013

Nanotechnology

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The deposition of noble metals on soft and/or flexible substrates is vital for several emerging applications including flexible electronics and the fabrication of soft bionic implants. In this paper, we describe a new strategy for the deposition of platinum electrodes on a range of materials, including insulators and flexible polymers. The strategy is enabled by two principle advances: (1) the introduction of a novel, low temperature strategy for reducing chloroplatinic acid to platinum using nitrogen plasma; (2) the development of a chloroplatinic acid based liquid ink formulation, utilizing ethylene glycol as both ink carrier and reducing agent, for versatile printing at nanoscale resolution using dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). The ink formulation has been printed and reduced upon Si, glass, ITO, Ge, PDMS, and Parylene C. The plasma treatment effects reduction of the precursor patterns in situ without subjecting the substrate to destructively high temperatures. Feature size is controlled via dwell time and degree of ink loading, and platinum features with 60 nm dimensions could be routinely achieved on Si. Reduction of the ink to platinum was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analysis and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Feature morphology was characterized by optical microscopy, SEM and AFM. The high electrochemical activity of individually printed Pt features was characterized using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Abstract. The deposition of noble metals on soft and/or flexible substrates is vital for several emerging applications including flexible electronics and the fabrication of soft bionic implants. In this article, we describe a new strategy for the deposition of platinum electrodes on a range of materials, including insulators and flexible polymers. The strategy is enabled by two principle advances: 1) the introduction of a novel, low-temperature strategy for reducing chloroplatinic acid to platinum using nitrogen plasma; 2) the development of a chloroplatinic acid based liquid ink formulation, utilising ethylene glycol as both ink carrier and reducing agent, for versatile printing at nanoscale resolution using dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). The ink formulation has been printed and reduced upon Si, glass, ITO, Ge, PDMS, and Parylene C. The plasma treatment effects reduction of the precursor patterns in situ without subjecting the substrate to destructively high temperatures. Feature size is controlled via dwell time and degree of ink loading, and platinum features with 60 nm dimensions could be routinely achieved on Si. Reduction of the ink to platinum was confirmed by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analysis and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. Feature morphology was characterized by optical microscopy, SEM and AFM. The high electrochemical activity of individually printed Pt features was characterized using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM).

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Dip‐Pen‐Nanolithographic Patterning of Metallic, Semiconductor, and Metal Oxide Nanostructures on Surfaces

Cited by 124 publications

References 113 publications

Monte Carlo Study on the Water Meniscus Condensation and Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy

Monte Carlo Study on the Water Meniscus Condensation and Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy

High Five!

Nanoscale platinum printing on insulating substrates

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