Monte Carlo Study on the Water Meniscus Condensation and Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy

Kim, Hyo-Jeong; Smit, Berend; Jang, Joonkyung

doi:10.1021/jp307811q

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Given that R A is normally less than the radius of the tip, 42 and the relative humidity is more than 10%, we provide a summary in Table 1 for the above three forces between the tip and sample surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-assisted tip manipulation: fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene superlattices on HOPG

et al. 2015

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We use the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to manipulate single weakly bound nanometer-sized sheets on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface through artificially increasing the tip and sample interaction by pretreatment of the surface using a liquid thiol molecule. By this means it is possible to tear apart a graphite sheet against a step and fold this part onto the HOPG surface and thus generate graphene superlattices with hexagonal symmetry. The tip and sample surface interactions, including the van der Waals force, electrostatic force and capillary attraction force originating from the Laplace pressure due to the formation of a highly curved fluid meniscus connecting the tip and sample, are discussed quantitatively to understand the formation mechanism of a graphene superlattice induced by the STM tip. The capillary force plays a key role in manipulating the graphite surface sheet under humid conditions. Our approach provides a simple and feasible route to prepare controllable superlattices and graphene nanoribbons and also to better understand the process of generation of a graphene superlattice on the surface of HOPG with the tip.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-assisted tip manipulation: fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene superlattices on HOPG

et al. 2015

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“…Just two years after the first molecular transport report by Jaschke and Butt, 53 Piner and Mirkin proposed that water adlayers were transported onto the substrate surface, mediated by the meniscus that condenses as the AFM tip is held stationary over a substrate. 54 From then on, different reports have shown meniscus existence, 33,55 and demonstrated a dependence of meniscus width on the tip-substrate distance and ambient humidity, [56][57][58] observed a minimum distance to grow a stable meniscus, 43,59 and analyzed the influence of surfaces wettability 60,61 and roughness. 54 From then on, different reports have shown meniscus existence, 33,55 and demonstrated a dependence of meniscus width on the tip-substrate distance and ambient humidity, [56][57][58] observed a minimum distance to grow a stable meniscus, 43,59 and analyzed the influence of surfaces wettability 60,61 and roughness.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A diffusive ink transport model for lipid dip-pen nanolithography

Urtizberea

Hirtz

2015

Nanoscale

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Despite diverse applications, phospholipid membrane stacks generated by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) still lack a thorough and systematic characterization that elucidates the whole ink transport process from writing to surface spreading, with the aim of better controlling the resulting feature size and resolution. We report a quantitative analysis and modeling of the dependence of lipid DPN features (area, height and volume) on dwell time and relative humidity. The ink flow rate increases with humidity in agreement with meniscus size growth, determining the overall feature size. The observed time dependence indicates the existence of a balance between surface spreading and the ink flow rate that promotes differences in concentration at the meniscus/substrate interface. Feature shape is controlled by the substrate surface energy. The results are analyzed within a modified model for the ink transport of diffusive inks. At any humidity the dependence of the area spread on the dwell time shows two diffusion regimes: at short dwell times growth is controlled by meniscus diffusion while at long dwell times surface diffusion governs the process. The critical point for the switch of regime depends on the humidity.

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“…Moreover, Ramachandran et al 14 applied GCMC to calculate adsorption isotherms for conventional water models in silicalite pores, Desbien et al 15 did the same for zeolite, and Shirono et al 16 investigated the phase behavior of confined water in silica nanopores. Moreover, Kim et al 17 have studies the water meniscus formation between an AFM tip and a surface using GCMC simulations. In one of our most recent papers 18 we calculated the forces between silica plates in dependence of the relative humidity applying GCMC simulations, and now we want to adopt the approach for the investigation of humid silica particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Capillary Bridge Formation onto the Silica Nanoparticle Interaction Studied by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations

Leroch

Wendland

2013

Langmuir

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Adhesion forces between nanoparticles strongly depend on the amount of adsorbed condensed water from ambient atmosphere. Liquid water forms bridges in the cavities separating the particles, giving rise to the so-called capillary forces which in most cases dominate the van der Waals and long-range electrostatic interactions. Capillary forces promote the undesirable agglomeration of particles to large clusters, thereby hindering the flowability of dry powders in process containers. In process engineering macroscopic theories based on the Laplace pressures are used to estimate the strength of the capillary forces. However, especially for low relative humidity and when the wetting of rough or small nanoparticles is studied, those theories can fail. Molecular dynamic simulations can help to give better insight into the water–particle interface. The simulated force versus distance curve as well as adhesion forces and the adsorption isotherm for silica nanoparticles at varying relative humidity will be discussed in comparison to experiments, theories, and simulations.

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Monte Carlo Study on the Water Meniscus Condensation and Capillary Force in Atomic Force Microscopy

Cited by 39 publications

References 69 publications

Liquid-assisted tip manipulation: fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene superlattices on HOPG

Liquid-assisted tip manipulation: fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene superlattices on HOPG

A diffusive ink transport model for lipid dip-pen nanolithography

Influence of Capillary Bridge Formation onto the Silica Nanoparticle Interaction Studied by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations

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