“…Although aurophilic bonding has been extensively observed in the solid state, with through X-ray diffraction, the number of cases where this kind of interaction has been observed in solution is still scarce. Several techniques and methods have been employed to attribute the occurrence of intra- and intermolecular aurophilicity in solution, including EXAFS, − X-ray diffraction in solution, cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry, , NMR, − UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, ,− and emission studies, regarding concentration dependent emission, luminescence bands assigned to Au···Au bonded excimers and exciplexes, occurrence of emission bands characteristic of aurophilic contacts (MC or MMLCT transition), and effect on the radiative and nonradiative rate constants …”