Diphtherie-Epidemie bei schwedischen Alkoholikern

Abstract

After 25 years without any indigenous cases of diphtheria in Sweden, an outbreak occurred in the city of Göteborg, during 1984 to 1986. A group of alcoholics constituted the reservoir of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The outbreak included 13 clinical cases and 65 carriers. The death-to-case ratio and the complication rate among the clinical cases was high, with three fatal cases and six patients developing reversible paralyses. The fatal cases had no history of previous immunization. The outbreak demonstrates the necessity of a good vaccination status to diphtheria, also in countries where the disease was thought to have been eradicated.

Infectious and lymphocytic myocarditis: epidemiology and factors relevant to sports medicine

“…Although still a cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries (38), diphtheria is now rare in the industrialized countries. However, it reappeared in Scandinavia in the mid-l980s, then primarily striking alcoholics, although secondary cases occurred in other persons (39). A similar problem currently exists in the Russian Federation (40) and the Baltic states (L. Viksna, personal communication).…”

Increased dosage of diphtheria toxoid for basic immunization of adults

“…Two small-scale outbreaks of diphtheria in G6teborg (1) and Stockholm, Sweden, in 1984 and 1985 demonstrated the importance of immunity to diphtheria. The outbreaks differed from the classical epidemics in that only a minority of the infected patients were children.…”

Imunogenitas dan Keamanan Vaksin DPT Setelah Imunisasi Dasar

“…Pada semua pasien yang meninggal atau menderita komplikasi neurologik akibat difteria mempunyai titier antibodi < 0,01 IU/ml; sedangkan pada karier yang tidak menunjukkan gejala sakit mempunyai titer antibodi yang tinggi > 0,16 IU/ml. 12 Di Indonesia, tingginya hasil kekebalan bawaan dari ibu terhadap difteria diduga akibat infeksi alami, sedangkan di Amerika Serikat dan negara maju lainnya mungkin akibat tingginya cakupan imunisasi yang mengandung antigen difteria.…”