Diplomatic History as a Field for Cultural Analysis: Muslim–christian Relations in Tunis, 1700–1840

Wïndler, Christian

doi:10.1017/s0018246x01001674

Cited by 74 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Networks seldom tied the Ottoman state elite directly to its peers in polities beyond the Balkans and the Adriatic littoral (Wigen 2018, 57). Yet there also existed a wide network of weaker ties made up of merchants, renegades, and go-betweens (Windler 2001;Philliou 2011;Gürkan 2017).…”

Section: Envoysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 This is a type of trading network that seems to have dominated in much of the Eastern Mediterranean for centuries and to have been the backbone of the Genovese and Venetian maritime empires. Such trading families could also be called upon for other services, such as acting as envoys or relaying news about other polities (Windler 2001;Philliou 2011).…”

Section: Merchantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Forum: Interlingual Relations: Approaches, Conflicts, and Lessons in the Translation Of Global Politics

Caraccioli

Wigen

López

et al. 2020

International Studies Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At stake in this forum are the politics of translation in the study of global politics. More specifically, the following interventions aim to consider the ways that scholars can recenter the utility of language toward more flexible conceptions of relationality. As each contribution reveals, translation is indispensable to individual theorizations of international politics; yet taken together, the forum aims to mitigate the alleged necessity of a lingua franca in IR scholarship. We go beyond the linguistic demands of conventional conceptual history in that each intervention employs a reflexive disposition to consider both their subject position and normative aspirations in the experience of translation. The forum's overall goal is to illustrate the ethical imperative to acknowledge the contextual specificity of linguistic encounters—past, present, and future—and in the process breathe life into the prose of world politics.

show abstract

Section: Envoysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Merchantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forum: Interlingual Relations: Approaches, Conflicts, and Lessons in the Translation Of Global Politics

Caraccioli

Wigen

López

et al. 2020

International Studies Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From Constantinople to Maghreb, Italian remained, until the first decades of the nineteenth century, the main language of oral communications. (Windler, 2001: 85)…”

Section: Part Ii: Conceptual Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of the eighteenth century, French, English, and Spanish diplomacy was still resigned to this situation. (Windler, 2001: 86–87, emphasis added)…”

Section: Part Ii: Conceptual Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-level language games: International relations as inter-lingual relations

Wigen

2014

European Journal of International Relations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To the extent that polities interact across linguistic boundaries, international relations are also inter-lingual relations. Since relations and practices are given meaning in language, it has to be possible to give at least a minimum of shared meaning to mutual relations in order for inter-lingual relations to function smoothly. Otherwise, the divergence of meaning and consequently also of social expectations will limit the possible extent and quality of those relations. Nevertheless, International Relations has not theorised inter-lingual relations. This article addresses this deficiency by proposing a theory of ‘conceptual entanglement’ as an approach to studying how compatibility of meaning comes about and is maintained between linguistic communities and hence also between polities. With the ‘expansion of international society’ from the 19th century onwards, linguistic divides have gradually narrowed, especially in terms of political vocabularies. Yet, residues remain, making inter-lingual relations qualitatively different for different pairs of languages, and thus also for polities. The article elaborates on how conceptual entanglement is an aspect of ‘entry’ into international society by using the theory on the case of how the French concept of ‘civilisation’ was translated into Ottoman and became part of the political vocabulary of the Ottoman Empire and later Turkey.

show abstract

“…Moreover, as the British consul in Tunis, Perkins Magra, wrote in 1791, many aspects of diplomatic practice were not fixed by any treaty: 'As to our miserable treaties, they are so very improvident, ill-explained, and badly translated, that they are only calculated to mislead a consul, and govern more by the customs they have produced, than by their literal import.' 60 Custom was so crucial that consuls were wary of anything that might change the existing norms. Local rules of conduct were strong because they were not challenged.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of the Foreign Jurisdiction Act and the extension of British sovereignty

Pennell

2009

Historical Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The passing of the Foreign Jurisdiction Act of 1843 has been described as an early stage in the extension of British hegemony over the Ottoman empire and a 'juridical simulation of "conquest"'. This article argues that it was really designed to extend British jurisdiction over disorderly individuals, not over territory. It was part of an effort to enforce sovereignty over detached subjects that began in the early modern period, and became more urgent as the empire and economic hegemony increased. It was also not an entirely British process -French governments engaged in the same policies at the same time -and was extended beyond the boundaries of the Middle East to take in a world compass.An extensive literature describes the role played by the capitulations in advancing European economic and political penetration of the Ottoman empire, and of Morocco. 1 It shows how, in Morocco, foreign jurisdiction undermined the Makhzan by allowing unscrupulous men to seek shelter alongside perfectly upright merchants and traders. 2 It demonstrates how, in the Ottoman empire, the capitulations cut state revenue by limiting the tariffs on European goods and, by protecting European individuals and companies from legal jurisdiction, allowed legally immune railway companies to spearhead the European economic penetration of the Anatolian interior. 3 Once the right to hold land was extended (in 1867) to Europeans, the capitulations allowed them to develop large real estate in the Ottoman empire. 4 Consequently, by the second half of the century the Ottoman elite saw the capitulations as the symbol of Ottoman inferiority compared with Europe. 5 As foreign penetration of the economy deepened, this view became generalized and after the 1908 revolution, spilled over into the general population. 6 Positions hardened on the western side, too, typified by the blunt assertion of Lord Hardinge, the permanent under-secretary at the foreign office, that 'The time will come when we and the French will have to tell the Sultan that it is not a privilege we are seeking but our right'. 7 Europeans in Morocco arrogated to themselves the same 'rights', which they considered the decadent Muslim state owed to them. 8 The capitulations and their role in advancing European hegemony in the Middle East and North Africa are a major 1 E. Burke, III, Prelude to Protectorate in

show abstract

Diplomatic History as a Field for Cultural Analysis: Muslim–christian Relations in Tunis, 1700–1840

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Forum: Interlingual Relations: Approaches, Conflicts, and Lessons in the Translation Of Global Politics

Forum: Interlingual Relations: Approaches, Conflicts, and Lessons in the Translation Of Global Politics

Two-level language games: International relations as inter-lingual relations

The origins of the Foreign Jurisdiction Act and the extension of British sovereignty

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About