Dipyridamole-loaded biodegradable PLA nanoplatforms as coatings for cardiovascular stents

Abstract

Cardiovascular stents are commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that in developed societies are the most frequent causes of mortality and morbidity. In recent years, thorough research and development of drug-eluting stents has been done, with emphasis on coronary stenting to avoid the most common complication, in-stent thrombosis. Dipyridamole (DPM) is a medication that inhibits blood clot formation. Drug delivery nanoplatforms consisting of biodegradable polymers can be fabricated via electrospinning deposition, known for its cost-effective and versatile advantages, that produces fibrous scaffolds that are able to sustain and control drug release. A novel drug delivery nanosystem of polylactic acid fibrous scaffold loaded with the anti-platelet drug DPM was fabricated by electrospinning as coating for cardiovascular stents. The surface morphology and topography that were evaluated via atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, were found to be good and suitable for tissue engineering. Contact angle measurements established the hydrophobic behavior of these fibrous nanoplatforms. Drug-release kinetics and degradation studies were conducted and revealed a sustained and controllable release of DPM, through this fibrous matrix over time. Finally, cytotoxicity studies took place to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the scaffold that confirmed its compatible behavior. The successful performance of this nanoplatform can lead to it being a valuable tool for atherosclerosis treatment.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy: Topographic and Dynamical Surface Studies of Blends, Composites, and Hybrid Functional Materials for Sustainable Future

“…ese (bio)degradable polymers are electrospun from the different single solvent system such as acetone, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), chloroform (TCM), and many others, and continuous fibres are obtained only using solvents with high electrical conductivity. Smooth defect-free nanofibres with a narrow and more homogenous diameter distribution are collected using binary solvent systems such as acetone/ DMF or acetone/dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (in the case of PLA) [72], tetrahydrofuran (THF)/methanol, DCM/DMF (in the case of PCL) [73,74] (see Figure 10), and TCM/DMF (for electrospinning of PHB) [71].…”

“…Biomimetic fibrous scaffolds of PLA and PLA loaded with dipyridamole (DPM) were developed to act as drug delivery system coated on the cardiovascular stents [74]. e evaluation of the surface morphology and topography of PLA scaffold after fabrication, DPM loaded PLA system, coated stent, and delivery system during degradation process was conducted through AFM and SEM.…”

“…After 30 days, the diameters in both cases (blank and loaded PLA scaffolds) increased due to the swelling of the scaffolds, along the hydrophobicity of the polymer; then in 90 days, the degradation started due to hydrolysis and therefore the diameter decreased. Finally, the total amount of DPM loaded was released through scaffold after 218 days [74]. Electrospun mats for controlled release of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering paracetamol were also developed.…”

Surface engineering at the nanoscale: A way forward to improve coronary stent efficacy

“…Pharmacokinetics of the PLA/DIP nanofibers showed an initial burst, followed by a slow and controlled release for 7 months. 204 Sustained and localized delivery of ticagrelor for about 4 weeks was achieved in vivo via the use of electrospun PLGA nanofiber coating on Gazelle stents. These stents reduced neointimal formation and favored endothelial recovery with lesser vasoconstrictor response and improved NO-mediated vasorelaxation after implantation in rabbit abdominal aorta as shown in Fig.…”

The synthesis of fulvic acid–thiourea amide derivates grafted polystyrene and its effect on the crystallization and performance of poly(lactic acid)

“…Currently, PLA has been used in all walks of life. It is everywhere around us due to its excellent optical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability . However, the commercial application of PLA is limited due to the poor thermodynamic properties, the slow crystallization rate, and the low impact strength of PLA .…”