Direct Acquisition of the Gap Height of Biological Tissue‐Electronic Chemical Sensor Interfaces

Abstract

Interfacing biological tissues with electronic sensors offers the exciting opportunity to accurately investigate multiple biological processes. Accurate signal collection and application are the foundation of these measurements, but a long‐term issue is the signal distortion resulting from the interface gap. The height of the gap is the key characteristic needed to evaluate or model the distortion, but it is difficult to measure. By integrating a pair of nanopores at the electronic sensor plane and measuring the ion conductance between them, we developed a versatile and straightforward strategy to realize the direct cooperative evaluation of the gap height during exocytotic release from adrenal gland tissues. The signaling distortion of this gap has been theoretically evaluated and shows almost no influence on the amperometric recording of exocytosis in a classic “semi‐artificial synapse” configuration. This strategy should benefit research concerning various bio/chemical/machine interfaces.

The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry

“…Similarly, Liu et al used a platinized carbon nanocavity inside a glass nanopipette to measure ROS in different regions of a living cell. This work expanded the range of intracellular electrochemical sensors based on nanopipettes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) developed previously and illustrated in Figure D for resistive pulse sensing. − Similar electrochemical sensors based on carbon fibers have been developed to accurately measure the signal distortion due to the gap at the interface between the tissue and the sensor, providing benefit to research based on electrode–tissue interfaces …”

“… 196 − 201 Similar electrochemical sensors based on carbon fibers have been developed to accurately measure the signal distortion due to the gap at the interface between the tissue and the sensor, providing benefit to research based on electrode–tissue interfaces. 202 …”

The new era of high throughput nanoelectrochemistry

“…196−201 Similar electrochemical sensors based on carbon fibers have been developed to accurately measure the signal distortion due to the gap at the interface between the tissue and the sensor, providing benefit to research based on electrode−tissue interfaces. 202 ■ HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL MICROSCOPY Technical and Theoretical Developments. SECCM is intrinsically a high-throughput analytical technique, able to directly interrogate nanoscopic areas of a target surface, accurately and at speed.…”