Direct and correlated responses to laboratory selection for body melanisation in<i>D. melanogaster</i>: support for melanism- desiccation resistance hypothesis.

Ramniwas, Seema; Kajla, Babita; Dev, Kapil; Parkash, Ravi

doi:10.1242/jeb.076166

Cited by 40 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…This is consistent with the melanisation-desiccation resistance hypothesis that has mainly found support in Drosophila (Parkash et al, 2008a,b;Ramniwas et al, 2013). Under this resistance hypothesis, melanic individuals have a selective advantage in more desiccating environments, like montane environments, than less or non-melanic individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…4). This reduction was driven by a significant decrease in cuticular water loss in melanic morphs, consistent with the melanisation-desiccation resistance hypothesis, and with findings from Drosophila (Ramniwas et al, 2013). Removal of cuticular hydrocarbons significantly increased total water loss in both melanic and yellow morphs (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Increased melanisation is associated with increased desiccation resistance in D. melanogaster strains selected for melanism (Ramniwas et al, 2013) and increased melanism is frequently associated with both increased desiccation resistance and more arid environments both within and among Drosophila species (Brisson et al, 2005;Parkash et al, 2008a;Pool and Aquadro, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water loss in tree weta (Hemideina): adaptation to the montane environment and a test of the melanisation–desiccation resistance hypothesis

King

Sinclair

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Montane insects are at a higher risk of desiccation than their lowland counterparts and are expected to have evolved reduced water loss. Hemideina spp. (tree weta; Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) have both lowland (Hemideina femorata, Hemideina crassidens and Hemideina thoracica) and montane (Hemideina maori and Hemideina ricta) species. H. maori has both melanic and yellow morphs. We use these weta to test two hypotheses: that montane insects lose water more slowly than lowland species, and that cuticular water loss rates are lower in darker insects than lighter morphs, because of incorporation of melanin in the cuticle. We used flow-through respirometry to compare water loss rates among Hemideina species and found that montane weta have reduced cuticular water loss by 45%, reduced respiratory water loss by 55% and reduced the molar ratio of V H2O : V CO2 by 64% compared with lowland species. Within H. maori, cuticular water loss was reduced by 46% when compared with yellow morphs. Removal of cuticular hydrocarbons significantly increased total water loss in both melanic and yellow morphs, highlighting the role that cuticular hydrocarbons play in limiting water loss; however, the dark morph still lost water more slowly after removal of cuticular hydrocarbons (57% less), supporting the melanisation-desiccation resistance hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Water loss in tree weta (Hemideina): adaptation to the montane environment and a test of the melanisation–desiccation resistance hypothesis

King

Sinclair

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…We speculate that the initial composition and change in the cuticle layer is more biased towards a greater number and length of hydrocarbons in H. borealis than either Antarctic dipteran. Differences in melanization between the two Diptera may also offer an explanation for the differing levels of resistance in the current study, as has been shown between Drosophila Parkash et al 2009;Parkash et al 2012;Ramniwas et al 2013).…”

Section: Desiccation Resistancesupporting

confidence: 57%

Contrasting strategies of resistance vs. tolerance to desiccation in two polar dipterans

et al. 2014

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Low water availability is one of the principal stressors for terrestrial invertebrates in the polar regions, determining the survival of individuals, the success of species and the composition of communities. The Arctic and Antarctic dipterans Heleomyza borealis and Eretmoptera murphyi spend the majority of their biennial life cycles as larvae, and so are exposed to the full range of environmental conditions, including low water availability, over the annual cycle. In the current study, the desiccation resistance and desiccation tolerance of larvae were investigated, as well as their capacity for crosstolerance to temperature stress. Larvae of H. borealis showed high levels of desiccation resistance, only losing 6.9% of their body water after 12 days at 98.2% relative humidity (RH). In contrast, larvae of E. murphyi lost 46.7% of their body water after 12 days at the same RH. Survival of E. murphyi larvae remained high in spite of this loss ( 80% survival). Following exposure to 98.2% RH, larvae of E. murphyi showed enhanced survival at (188C for 2 h. The supercooling point of larvae of both species was also lowered following prior treatment at 98.2% RH. Cross-tolerance to high temperatures (37 or 38.58C) was not noted following desiccation in E. murphyi, and survival even fell at 378C following a 12-day pre-treatment. The current study demonstrates two different strategies of responding to low water availability in the polar regions and indicates the potential for cross-tolerance, a capacity which is likely to be beneficial in the ever-changing polar climate.

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“…Indeed, there are studies suggesting an association between pigmentation and UV resistance (Bastide et al, 2014) or desiccation tolerance (Parkash et al, 2008a(Parkash et al, , b, 2009 Edited by Yoichi Matsuda Ramniwas et al, 2013) within this species. Also, the "thermal budget (melanism) hypothesis" suggests a relationship between body color and thermoregulation (reviewed in Clusella Trullas et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Factors underlying natural variation in body pigmentation of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

et al. 2016

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Molecular mechanisms underlying standing genetic variation of an ecologically relevant trait such as pigmentation trait variation in a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, are relevant to our understanding of different kinds of intergenomic interactions. In this study, we focused on the association between body pigmentation and stress resistance, and on genotype-by-environment interaction, both of which are likely to contribute to the persistence of phenotypic variation in a natural population. First, we detected a significant association between pigmentation traits in females and starvation resistance (darker strains were weaker) and a weak association between pigmentation and chill coma recovery time (darker strains showed shorter recovery time) among 20 inbred strains from the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), which originated from a natural population in North America. These associations revealed a complex relationship between body pigmentation and physiological traits that may give rise to balanced selective forces acting on the traits under fluctuating environmental conditions. Second, using four of the DGRP strains, a substantial degree of genotype (strain) × environment (rearing temperature) interaction was detected among expression levels of the genes encoding effector enzymes in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. These interactions can potentially reduce the efficiency of purifying selection on the pigmentation traits over a wide range of temperature conditions. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of the standing pigmentation variation in this species.

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Direct and correlated responses to laboratory selection for body melanisation inD. melanogaster: support for melanism- desiccation resistance hypothesis.

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 40 publications

References 98 publications

Water loss in tree weta (Hemideina): adaptation to the montane environment and a test of the melanisation–desiccation resistance hypothesis

Water loss in tree weta (Hemideina): adaptation to the montane environment and a test of the melanisation–desiccation resistance hypothesis

Contrasting strategies of resistance vs. tolerance to desiccation in two polar dipterans

Factors underlying natural variation in body pigmentation of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

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