Direct autocorrelation of soft-x-ray free-electron-laser pulses by time-resolved two-photon double ionization of He

Mitzner, R.; Sorokin, A. A.; Siemer, B.; Roling, Sebastian; Rutkowski, M.; Zacharias, H.; Neeb, M.; Noll, T.; Siewert, Frank; Eberhardt, W.; Richter, M.; Juranić, Pavle; Tiedtke, K.; Feldhaus, J.

doi:10.1103/physreva.80.025402

Cited by 105 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A light-field streak-camera, driven by a strong electromagnetic THz field demonstrates a temporal resolution better than 10 fs, significantly beyond the capabilities of conventional X-ray streak cameras. The deduced mean duration of (35 ± 9) fs coincides well with the value of (29 ± 5) fs obtained with an XUV/XUV autocorrelation, which has successfully been demonstrated at FLASH in an averaging mode [35]. In addition to the single-shot capability, as a matter of principle the THz/XUV cross-correlation mechanism can yield more detailed information than an autocorrelation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Time-diagnostics for improved dynamics experiments at XUV FELs

Drescher

Frühling

Krikunova

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract. Significantly structured and fluctuating temporal profiles of pulses from SASE free electron lasers as well as their unstable timing requires time-diagnostics on a single-shot basis. The duration and structure of XUV pulses from the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) are becoming accessible using a variation of the streak camera principle, where photoemitted electrons are energetically streaked in the electric field component of a terahertz electromagnetic wave. The timing with respect to an independently generated laser pulse can be measured in an XUV/laser cross-correlator, based on a non-collinear superposition of both pulses on a solid state surface and detection of XUV-induced modulations of its reflectivity for visible light. Sorting of data according to the measured timing dramatically improves the temporal resolution of an experiment sampling the relaxation of transient electronic states in xenon after linear-as well as non-linear excitation with intense XUV pulses from FLASH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Time-diagnostics for improved dynamics experiments at XUV FELs

Drescher

Frühling

Krikunova

et al. 2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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“…As an example, the split-and-delay autocorrelator was used together with two-photon double ionization of He as a nonlinear medium. Figure 10 shows the time-resolved yield of double ionized He [67] . From a fit to the data, a pulse duration of τ s = 29 ± 5 fs (FWHM) has been derived.…”

Section: Coherence Time and Pulse Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The free-electron laser FLASH

Schreiber

Faatz

2015

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

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FLASH at DESY, Hamburg, Germany is the first free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray wavelength range. FLASH is a user facility providing femtosecond short pulses with an unprecedented peak and average brilliance, opening new scientific opportunities in many disciplines. The first call for user experiments has been launched in 2005. The FLASH linear accelerator is based on TESLA superconducting technology, providing several thousands of photon pulses per second to user experiments. Probing femtosecond-scale dynamics in atomic and molecular reactions using, for instance, a combination of x-ray and optical pulses in a pump and probe arrangement, as well as single-shot diffraction imaging of biological objects and molecules, are typical experiments performed at the facility. We give an overview of the FLASH facility, and describe the basic principles of the accelerator. Recently, FLASH has been extended by a second undulator beamline (FLASH2) operated in parallel to the first beamline, extending the capacity of the facility by a factor of two.

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“…At one position in the stroke both lengths of beam path are equal where the partial beams interfere. The precision of the translation allows interference experiments, the measurement of the length of femtosecond-pulses and pump/probe experiments (Mitzner et al 2005(Mitzner et al , 2009). …”

Section: Optical Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

The auto-correlator for the soft X-ray FEL FLASH at DESY

Noll

Mitzner

2011

DLS Proc.

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A new auto-correlator has been developed, built and implemented. It contains eight mirrors on an optical bench, which are independent, adjustable in the nrad and nm range. A parallelogram-based delay stage moves two of the mirrors over ±15 mm with 30 nm resolution and without random parasitic motions. The paper presents the new ideas applied in the design of this device. IntroductionFor time resolved experiments at BESSY and especially at the VUV-FEL FLASH, an auto-correlator (AC) has been designed and built. It contains a beam splitter and a variable delay line for one of the partial beams. The beam is typically merged at the focus. For this purpose, eight mirrors are mounted on an optical bench where two mirrors are at the parallelogram-based delay stage. The other six mirrors are on new flexure mirror support which guides the three Cartesian rotations around the reflecting point of the mirror surface. The complete device is in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber and is tubular with a length of 1800 mm and a diameter of 500 mm. Optical principleThe first mirror in the AC is the beam splitting mirror (M1). It divides one geometrical half of the beam and deflects it from the middle axis of the beam (figure 1) (Mitzner et al. 2008).The second part of the beam is reflected by a second mirror (M2) out of the beam axis. Both partial beams are parallelly offset by the mirrors M3 and M5. The mirrors M3 and M4 in the lower partial beam are rigidly connected to each other and are movable up and down to change the length of the beam path. A high precision linear stage based on a flexure parallelogram is used to translate the mirrors. The mirrors M7 and M8 are merging the half beams in the conjoint focus. At one position in the stroke both lengths of beam path are equal where the partial beams interfere. The precision of the translation allows interference experiments, the measurement †

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Direct autocorrelation of soft-x-ray free-electron-laser pulses by time-resolved two-photon double ionization of He

Cited by 105 publications

References 24 publications

Time-diagnostics for improved dynamics experiments at XUV FELs

Time-diagnostics for improved dynamics experiments at XUV FELs

The free-electron laser FLASH

The auto-correlator for the soft X-ray FEL FLASH at DESY

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