Abstract:Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) as a burgeoning field in polymer chemistry has proved to be a powerful and popular tool for the synthesis of functional polymer materials with diverse and complex structures. To explore the general applicability of MCPs and enrich the product structures of MCPs, multicomponent tandem polymerizations (MCTPs) with great synthetic simplicity and efficiency were pursued. In this work, MCTPs of N-(2iodophenyl)-3-phenyl-N-tosylpropiolamide, aromatic terminal alkynes, and diamine… Show more
“…[ 1,2 ] Compared with classic polymerization approaches, MCPs enjoy great structural diversity of products, strong designability of reaction procedure and product structure, mild reaction condition, simple monomer structures, environmental benefits, and so on. [ 3–6 ] Besides the most widely explored isocyanide‐based MCPs including Passerini three‐component polymerization (3CP) of isocyanide, carboxylic acid and oxo‐component (ketone or aldehyde), [ 7–10 ] and Ugi four‐component polymerization (4CP) of isocyanide, carboxylic acid, oxo‐component (ketone or aldehyde) and amine, [ 11–13 ] alkyne‐based MCPs were extensively reported in the past few years, [ 14–16 ] owing to the rich chemistry of alkynes and the unsaturated product structures with potential optoelectronic properties from alkyne chemistry, [ 17 ] which could be applied in optoelectronic devices, [ 18,19 ] or as luminescent materials, [ 14,20 ] and antibacterial materials. [ 21 ]…”
Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) are a group of fascinating polymer synthesis approaches that are developed rapidly in the recent decade. As a popular alkyne‐based MCP, the A3‐polycouplings of alkynes, aldehydes, and amines are developed for the synthesis of poly(propargylamine)s under the catalysis of metal catalysts. In this work, through the design of carboxylic acid group‐activated alkyne monomers, a catalyst‐free, four‐component polymerization of propiolic acids, benzylamines, organoboronic acids, and formaldehyde is reported under mild condition at 45 °C in dichloroethane. This four‐component polymerization is applicable to different monomer structures, which can afford seven poly(propargylamine)s with up to 94% yields and molecular weights of up to 13 900 g mol−1. Moreover, the poly(propargylamine)s demonstrate good solubility and processibility, high thermal stability and light refractivity, unique photophysical property, and so on. The simple monomers, mild condition, low cost, high efficiency, and procedure simplicity of this catalyst‐free four‐component polymerization demonstrates an elegant example of functional polymer synthesis.
“…[ 1,2 ] Compared with classic polymerization approaches, MCPs enjoy great structural diversity of products, strong designability of reaction procedure and product structure, mild reaction condition, simple monomer structures, environmental benefits, and so on. [ 3–6 ] Besides the most widely explored isocyanide‐based MCPs including Passerini three‐component polymerization (3CP) of isocyanide, carboxylic acid and oxo‐component (ketone or aldehyde), [ 7–10 ] and Ugi four‐component polymerization (4CP) of isocyanide, carboxylic acid, oxo‐component (ketone or aldehyde) and amine, [ 11–13 ] alkyne‐based MCPs were extensively reported in the past few years, [ 14–16 ] owing to the rich chemistry of alkynes and the unsaturated product structures with potential optoelectronic properties from alkyne chemistry, [ 17 ] which could be applied in optoelectronic devices, [ 18,19 ] or as luminescent materials, [ 14,20 ] and antibacterial materials. [ 21 ]…”
Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) are a group of fascinating polymer synthesis approaches that are developed rapidly in the recent decade. As a popular alkyne‐based MCP, the A3‐polycouplings of alkynes, aldehydes, and amines are developed for the synthesis of poly(propargylamine)s under the catalysis of metal catalysts. In this work, through the design of carboxylic acid group‐activated alkyne monomers, a catalyst‐free, four‐component polymerization of propiolic acids, benzylamines, organoboronic acids, and formaldehyde is reported under mild condition at 45 °C in dichloroethane. This four‐component polymerization is applicable to different monomer structures, which can afford seven poly(propargylamine)s with up to 94% yields and molecular weights of up to 13 900 g mol−1. Moreover, the poly(propargylamine)s demonstrate good solubility and processibility, high thermal stability and light refractivity, unique photophysical property, and so on. The simple monomers, mild condition, low cost, high efficiency, and procedure simplicity of this catalyst‐free four‐component polymerization demonstrates an elegant example of functional polymer synthesis.
“…Besides the detection of organic pollutants in aqueous media, functional AIE polymers with fast and sensitive fluorescence responses to organophosphorus pesticide, acids, aliphatic amines, etc. have also been reported [ 131 – 133 ]. Fig.…”
Functional polymer systems with stimuli responses have attracted great attention over the years due to their diverse range of applications. Such polymers are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties, such as chemical structures, chain conformation, solubility, shape, morphologies, and optical properties, in response to single or multiple stimuli. Among various stimuli-responsive polymers, those with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties possess the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, large contrast, excellent photostability, and low background noise. The changes in fluorescence signal can be conveniently detected and monitored using portable instruments. The integration of AIE and stimuli responses into one polymer system provides a feasible and effective strategy for the development of smart polymers with high sensitivity to environmental variations. Here, we review the recent advances in the design, preparation, performance, and applications of functional synthetic polymer systems with AIE and stimuli responses. Various AIE-based polymer systems with responsiveness toward single physical or chemical stimuli as well as multiple stimuli are summarized with specific examples. The current challenges and perspectives on the future development of this research area will also be discussed at the end of this review.
“…114 The MCTPs of N-(2-iodophenyl)-3-phenyl-N-tosylpropiolamide, aromatic terminal alkynes, and diamines were explored to afford poly(indolone)s with unique structures and high molecular weights (M w up to 30.4 Â 10 3 g mol À1 ) in high yields. 115 In addition, by combining Glaser coupling-nucleophilic additionheterocyclization-oxidation reactions, Hu and Tang et al reported the four-step MCTPs of diyne, guanidine hydrochloride, DMSO, and O 2 , affording conjugated poly(pyrimidine)s with well-defined and tunable structures. 116 These works have demonstrated the promising potential of MCTPs: various reactions with compatible conditions could be integrated into a single polymerization route and could afford polymers with diverse structures, which considerably extends the scope of such polymer structures.…”
Section: Mcp Based On Triple-bond Building Blocksmentioning
This review presents the recent developments in the research hotspots of advanced functional polymers; their concepts, design strategies, and applications are briefly discussed.
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