“…Recently, porous materials as functional building blocks have been widely used for the construction of high-performance sensors, taking advantage of their ease of hybridization ( Cui et al, 2020 ; Cui et al, 2021 ; Duan et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2022 ), efficient enrichment ( Liang et al, 2021 ; Yan et al, 2021 ), and rapid mass transfer ( Zhou et al, 2022a ; Gong et al, 2022 ). Especially, vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) have been proven to be powerful preconcentration materials for electrochemical detection of metal ions, such as Cu 2+ ( Cheng et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2018 ), Hg 2+ ( Lu et al, 2018 ), Ag + ( Herzog et al, 2013 ), Pb 2+ ( Fernández et al, 2014 ; Cheng et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2021 ), and Cd 2+ ( Cheng et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2021 ). VMSF prepared by electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) ( Walcarius et al, 2007 ) and Stöber solution growth ( Teng et al, 2012 ) methods possess a perpendicularly regular channel structure with uniform pore size, negatively charged channel walls and high porosity, which are very suitable for the construction of electrochemical sensors for direct analysis of various analytes in complex samples, including biomolecules ( Li et al, 2014 ; Ma et al, 2022a ; Ma et al, 2022b ; Zhu et al, 2022 ), drug molecules ( Wang et al, 2022 ; Wei et al, 2022 ), organic pollutants ( Yan et al, 2021 ), metal ions ( Cheng et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2018 ).…”