Over
the past decades, microfluidic devices based on many advanced
techniques have aroused widespread attention in the fields of chemical,
biological, and analytical applications. Integration of microdevices
with a variety of chip designs will facilitate promising functionality.
Notably, the combination of microfluidics with functional nanomaterials
may provide creative ideas to achieve rapid and sensitive detection
of various biospecies. In this review, focused on the microfluids
and microdevices in terms of their fabrication, integration, and functions,
we summarize the up-to-date developments in microfluidics-based analysis
of biospecies, where biomarkers, small molecules, cells, and pathogens
as representative biospecies have been explored in-depth. The promising
applications of microfluidic biosensors including clinical diagnosis,
food safety control, and environmental monitoring are also discussed.
This review aims to highlight the importance of microfluidics-based
biosensors in achieving high throughput, highly sensitive, and low-cost
analysis and to promote microfluidics toward a wider range of applications.