Direct electrochemical deposition of crystalline silicon nanowires at T ≥ 60 °C

Ma, Luyao; Lee, Sudarat; DeMuth, Joshua; Maldonado, Stephen

doi:10.1039/c6ra13378a

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Examples of a high degree of morphological control include the use of photolithographic patterning of Cu 2 O, 17 and electrodeposition of Si nanowires followed by generation of a catalyst layer. 18 In these cases, a general strategy for applying the synthesis methods to a variety of materials is lacking. A summary of recent methods for the preparation of H 2 WO 4 , BiVO 4 and TiO 2 , including synthesis time, advantages and disadvantages is shown in the Supporting Information Table S1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Preparation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals by Cathodic Corrosion and Their Use as Active Photocatalysts

et al. 2017

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Nanoparticle metal oxide photocatalysts are attractive because of their increased reactivity and ease of processing into versatile electrode formats; however, their preparation is cumbersome. We report on the rapid bulk synthesis of photocatalytic nanoparticles with homogeneous shape and size via the cathodic corrosion method, a simple electrochemical approach applied for the first time to the versatile preparation of complex metal oxides. Nanoparticles consisting of tungsten oxide (HWO) nanoplates, titanium oxide (TiO) nanowires, and symmetric star-shaped bismuth vanadate (BiVO) were prepared conveniently using tungsten, titanium, and vanadium wires as a starting material. Each of the particles were extremely rapid to produce, taking only 2-3 min to etch 2.5 mm of metal wire into a colloidal dispersion of photoactive materials. All crystalline HWO and BiVO particles and amorphous TiO were photoelectrochemically active toward the water oxidation reaction. Additionally, the BiVO particles showed enhanced photocurrent in the visible region toward the oxidation of a sacrificial sulfite reagent. This synthetic method provides an inexpensive alternative to conventional fabrication techniques and is potentially applicable to a wide variety of metal oxides, making the rapid fabrication of active photocatalysts with controlled crystallinity more efficient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Preparation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals by Cathodic Corrosion and Their Use as Active Photocatalysts

et al. 2017

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“…They have focused on depositing semiconductor materials of nano size scale by using a novel approach employing a liquid cathode such as gallium or mercury. Successful deposition of silicon nanowires from propylene carbonate electrolyte with SiCl4 at temperatures as low as 60 o C by using liquid gallium droplets as cathode was reported (13). In this case silicon precipitates inside the liquid Ga cathode from a supersaturated solution and there is very little alloy formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some promising results have been reported (9,10). Some interesting results have been published by Maldonado and co-workers (11)(12)(13). They have focused on depositing semiconductor materials of nano size scale by using a novel approach employing a liquid cathode such as gallium or mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Silicon with a Liquid Gallium Cathode in Molten Salts

2019

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Further development of solar power depends largely on the availability of inexpensive solar grade silicon. Electrodeposition is a candidate method to produce high purity silicon at a reasonable cost. A new approach using a liquid gallium cathode was used to study deposition of silicon from molten salt electrolytes containing K2SiF6. Electrochemical studies and electrolysis to deposit silicon from molten eutectic KCl-KF with additions of K2SiF6 were carried out at 650 o C. Silver wire and glassy carbon rod were used as working electrodes, while glassy carbon rod or silver wire were counter electrodes. A silicon plate reference electrode was used. Liquid gallium in a small alumina tube with tungsten lead was the cathode during electrolysis while glassy carbon or silicon was the anode. Silicon was found to deposit inside a liquid gallium cathode during electrolysis. The current efficiency was found to be quite high, and consistently above 80 %.

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“… 22 Besides, there are reports of using photolithography to etch microhole arrays on silicon wafers and filling of Ga liquid metal nanodroplets as discrete ultra-microelectrodes to obtain Si nanowires by electrodeposition. 23 Currently, researchers have made relatively great progress in the preparation of crystalline silicon at low temperature. However, it is still necessary to further study the crystallization and growth mechanism of preparing silicon thin films to obtain high-quality crystalline silicon thin films for subsequent applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Crystalline Silicon by Electrochemical Liquid–Liquid–Solid Crystal Growth in Ionic Liquid

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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The electrodeposition at low temperature for the direct growth of crystalline thin films without any templating agent in ionic liquid (IL) is a relatively new electrochemical synthetic strategy. This work studied the role of the deposition temperature, deposition time, and different working electrodes in the electrodeposition of crystalline Si thin films from the byproduct silicon tetrachloride in IL at low temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the as-deposited Si films were crystalline at the temperature of 80 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy further indicated that the crystalline quality of the as-deposited silicon film was relatively the best when the electrodeposition time reached 1 h at the temperature of 100 °C; excessive electrodeposition would yield amorphous silicon on the surface of the as-deposit crystalline Si, which decreased the crystal quality of the Si film. The SEM and XRD, respectively, revealed that the crystal structure of Si yielded on e-InGa was significantly different from that produced on Ga and more impurities existed in the film. Research on the influence of these parameters on crystallinity and morphological characteristics of Si gives better control over the growth of crystalline Si thin films for specific applications.

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Direct electrochemical deposition of crystalline silicon nanowires at T ≥ 60 °C

Abstract: Direct synthesis of crystalline silicon (Si) nanowires at low temperatures has been achieved through an electrochemical liquid–liquid–solid (ec-LLS) process.

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

High-Throughput Preparation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals by Cathodic Corrosion and Their Use as Active Photocatalysts

High-Throughput Preparation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals by Cathodic Corrosion and Their Use as Active Photocatalysts

Electrodeposition of Silicon with a Liquid Gallium Cathode in Molten Salts

Preparation and Characterization of Crystalline Silicon by Electrochemical Liquid–Liquid–Solid Crystal Growth in Ionic Liquid

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