Direct electrochemical reduction of copper sulfide in molten borax

Kartal, Levent; Timur, Servet

doi:10.1007/s12613-019-1821-x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Kartal and Timur [47] employ molten borax to decompose liquid copper sulfide. Due to immiscibility and density differences, liquid copper sulfide was decomposed at 1200°C, collecting as liquid copper at the cathode below, while S 2ions were transferred through the molten borax above to the anode.…”

Section: Molten Salts and Boratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2:Current densities for various electrolyte systems plotted on a logarithmic scale, plus the benchmark to match the industry standard for liquid metal production with an electrolysis cell[19]. Reported values used for aqueous copper electrowinning[13], deep eutectic solvent[34], CuCl[43], molten borax[47] and molten sulfide[49]. Current density for NaCl-KCl system calculated by dividing average operating current by reported sample surface area[45].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrolytic production of copper from chalcopyrite

Daehn

Allanore

2020

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

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Section: Molten Salts and Boratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Electrolytic production of copper from chalcopyrite

Daehn

Allanore

2020

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

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“…Chloride salts at intermediate temperatures have been investigated as an electrolyte, but both copper and iron exhibit multi-valency and co-deposit as a solid [29,30]. Halide as well as borate [31] electrolytes have limited solubility for the sulfide feedstock. A molten sulfide-based electrolyte would allow high feedstock solubility, supporting high productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Copper and Iron Production from Chalcopyrite, in the Absence of Oxygen

Daehn

Stinn

Rush

et al. 2022

Metals

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Clean energy infrastructure depends on chalcopyrite: the mineral that contains 70% of the world’s copper reserves, as well as a range of precious and critical metals. Smelting is the only commercially viable route to process chalcopyrite, where the oxygen-rich environment dictates the distribution of impurities and numerous upstream and downstream unit operations to manage noxious gases and by-products. However, unique opportunities to address urgent challenges faced by the copper industry arise by excluding oxygen and processing chalcopyrite in the native sulfide regime. Through electrochemical experiments and thermodynamic analysis, gaseous sulfur and electrochemical reduction in a molten sulfide electrolyte are shown to be effective levers to selectively extract the elements in chalcopyrite for the first time. We present a new process flow to supply the increasing demand for copper and byproduct metals using electricity and an inert anode, while decoupling metal production from fugitive gas emissions and oxidized by-products.

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“…Due to the advantages of its concise process, easy access to equipment, cleanliness, conductivity, productivity, high current density, and precise reduction [18][19][20], the molten salt recovery process has been used to recover aluminum, calcium, magnesium, sodium potassium, and other metals [21]. The use of the molten salt method to recover metal manganese in the cathode materials of waste lithium manganate batteries overcomes the problems of inefficient and secondary pollution of the traditional recovery process, thereby making great contributions to energy supply and resource recycling [22,23]. Using the coupling of electrochemical reaction and chemical reaction [24], manganese was extracted from the waste lithium manganate cathode, the kinetic process of the reduction of manganese ions in lithium manganate to elemental manganese was studied, and the electrochemical mechanism of manganese was understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrochemical Mechanism of Preparing Mn from LiMn2O4 in Waste Batteries in Molten Salt

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Crystals

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The electrochemical reduction mechanism of Mn in LiMn2O4 in molten salt was studied. The results show that in the NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt, the process of reducing from Mn (IV) to manganese is: Mn (IV)→Mn (III)→Mn (II)→Mn. LiMn2O4 reacts with molten salt to form CaMn2O4 after being placed in molten salt for 1 h. The reaction of reducing CaMn2O4 to Mn is divided into two steps: Mn (III)→Mn (II)→Mn. The results of constant voltage deoxidation experiments under different conditions show that the intermediate products of LiMn2O4 reduction to Mn are CaMn2O4, MnO, and (MnO)x(CaO)(1−x). As the reaction progresses, x gradually decreases, and finally the Mn element is completely reduced under the conditions of 3 V for 9 h. The CaO in the product can be removed by washing the sample with deionized water at 0 °C.

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Direct electrochemical reduction of copper sulfide in molten borax

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Electrolytic production of copper from chalcopyrite

Electrolytic production of copper from chalcopyrite

Liquid Copper and Iron Production from Chalcopyrite, in the Absence of Oxygen

The Electrochemical Mechanism of Preparing Mn from LiMn2O4 in Waste Batteries in Molten Salt

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