Direct Electrodeposition to Fabricate a Graphene Nanosheet-Modified Electrode for Imidacloprid Determination

Abstract

In this study, a¯lm of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared through the pulse potential method (PPM). The as-prepared¯lm was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ERGO¯lm was applied for the¯rst time to develop a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for imidacloprid determination. Results revealed that the ERGO¯lm can e®ectively increase response towards imidacloprid reduction by signi¯cantly enhancing the reduction peak currents and decreasing the over potential of imidacloprid. Under optimum conditions, the modi¯ed electrode showed a linear voltammetric response to imidacloprid at concentrations ranging from 3:0 Â 10 À8 mol L À1 to 1:1 Â 10 À6 mol L À1 , with a detection limit of 1:0 Â 10 À8 mol L À1 . The developed electrode is potentially a good candidate for imidacloprid determination. The proposed method provides a good recovery rate of imidacloprid in spiked practical samples, such as lake water and tap water.