Direct estimates of gear selectivity from multiple tagging experiments

Myers, RA; Hoenig, JM

doi:10.1139/f96-262

Cited by 47 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A similar result has been found for freshwater pike in Lake Windermere, UK, harvested primarily through an experimental gillnet survey Edeline et al 2007). Gillnets are often strongly size-selective due to their specific mesh-sizes (Handford et al 1977;Myers and Hoenig 1997). The cod in our study was harvested by commercial fishers and recreational fishers using a wide variety of gear throughout the year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness landscape of Atlantic cod shaped by harvest selection and natural selection

Olsen

Moland

2010

Evol Ecol

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Harvesting may lead to evolutionary changes in life histories on a contemporary time scale, changes that could be maladaptive in natural contexts. However, our understanding of the strength and direction of harvest-induced selection versus natural selection is still limited, partly due to the difficulty of tracking the fate of individuals in the wild. Here, we present direct estimates of harvest mortality, natural mortality and site fidelity of coastal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from the Norwegian Skagerrak coast. Furthermore, we present standardised selection differentials for fish body size. Estimates are obtained from acoustic telemetry, where we continuously monitored fish (n = 60) within a semi-sheltered area using a network of 25 listening stations. To obtain additional information about harvested cod, all fish (body size: 30-66 cm) were also tagged with traditional T-bar tags with a printed reward of 500 NOK (60 E). We estimate that 75% of the fish died within the study area during 1 year. Fishing mortality was markedly higher than natural mortality. Together, recreational fishers and commercial fishers caught at least 50% of the tagged fish during 1 year. Standardised selection differentials showed that fisheries targeted larger fish (i.e. favoured the survival of smaller fish), while natural selection favoured the survival of larger fish. Albeit on a small scale, we provide empirical evidence that harvesting can have a dominant influence on the fitness landscape experienced by a marine fish such as the Atlantic cod. We suggest that no-take marine reserves may help to counter evolutionary impacts of harvesting in the ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness landscape of Atlantic cod shaped by harvest selection and natural selection

Olsen

Moland

2010

Evol Ecol

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“…The size-selective term is described by a sigmoidal curve (typical for trawling and long-lining, Myers & Hoenig 1997), switching from zero 308 to one around a size ‫ݓ‬ ி . Variation in mesh sizes or changes in allowable landing size 16 (e.g., minimum or maximum-length limit or the combination, a harvest slot) alters size-310 selectivity (Jørgensen et al 2009;Matsumura et al 2011;Mollet et al 2016) and is simulated by changing ‫ݓ‬ (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Growth and Reproduction 258mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of boldness and life history in response to selective harvesting

Andersen

Marty

Arlinghaus

2018

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

104

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20Whether intensive harvesting alters the behavioural repertoire of exploited fishes is currently unknown, but plausible. We extend a fish life-history model to account for 22 boldness as a personality trait that affects foraging intensity, which affects energy intake and risk from predation and fishing gear. We systematically investigate life-24 history and behavioral trait evolution along the boldness-timidity axis in response to the full range of common selectivity and exploitation patterns in fisheries. In agreement 26with previous studies we find that any type of harvesting selects for fast life histories and that merely elevated, yet unselective, fishing mortality favors boldness. We also 28 find that timid-selective fishing (which can be expected in selected species targeted by active gear types) selects for increased boldness. By contrast, increased timidity is 30 predicted when fishing targets bolder individuals common to passive gears, whether in combination with selection on size or not. Altered behavior caused by intensive 32 harvesting should be commonplace in nature, which can have far-reaching ecological, evolutionary and managerial impacts. Evolution of timidity is expected to strongly 34 erode catchability, which will negatively affect human well-being and influence the reliability of stock assessments that rely on fishery-dependent data. 36Key words: fisheries-induced evolution, timidity syndrome, personality traits, selection 38 gradients, life-history evolution Les modifications du comportement causés par la pêche intensive sont probablement 54 courants dans la nature, ce qui peut avoir d'importantes conséquences écologiques, évolutives et en termes de gestion. En particulier, l'évolution vers une plus grande 56 timidité peut éroder l'attrapabilité, affectant le bien-être des pêcheurs et la fiabilité des évaluations de stock reposant sur des données dépendantes de la pêche. 58

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“…Although size-selective mortality should be common across many fisheries, the relationship between size and capture probability is gear-dependent, and the resulting size-selectivity curves are often nonlinear (16). Moreover, a trait that renders individuals more vulnerable to capture likely also varies across different taxa and/or fisheries.…”

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Recreational fishing selectively captures individuals with the highest fitness potential

Sutter

Suski

Philipp

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

164

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Fisheries-induced evolution and its impact on the productivity of exploited fish stocks remains a highly contested research topic in applied fish evolution and fisheries science. Although many quantitative models assume that larger, more fecund fish are preferentially removed by fishing, there is no empirical evidence describing the relationship between vulnerability to capture and individual reproductive fitness in the wild. Using males from two lines of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) selectively bred over three generations for either high (HV) or low (LV) vulnerability to angling as a model system, we show that the trait "vulnerability to angling" positively correlates with aggression, intensity of parental care, and reproductive fitness. The difference in reproductive fitness between HV and LV fish was particularly evident among larger males, which are also the preferred mating partners of females. Our study constitutes experimental evidence that recreational angling selectively captures individuals with the highest potential for reproductive fitness. Our study further suggests that selective removal of the fittest individuals likely occurs in many fisheries that target species engaged in parental care. As a result, depending on the ecological context, angling-induced selection may have negative consequences for recruitment within wild populations of largemouth bass and possibly other exploited species in which behavioral patterns that determine fitness, such as aggression or parental care, also affect their vulnerability to fishing gear.ize-selective fishing, or even just an elevated level of fishing mortality, has the potential to induce rapid evolutionary change in a range of production-related traits in fish populations (1, 2). Theoretically predicted and empirically supported fisheriesinduced adaptive change involves the modification of life history traits, including reductions in age-and size-at-maturation, increases in reproductive investment, and changes in pre-and/or postmaturation growth rates (1-3). Changes in life history traits in response to fishing often collectively reduce adult size-at-age and fisheries yield and result in fish populations that only slowly rebound from overexploited states (4-7). There is little consensus, however, concerning the prevalence of fisheries-induced evolution and its relevance to management (1,(8)(9)(10). Perspectives range from calls for "evolutionarily enlightened management" (11) to positions that argue that evolutionary change induced by fishing is slow, thereby rendering it largely unimportant to fisheries management (9).One important tool to predict long-term population-level consequences of fisheries-induced evolution involves the construction and analysis of individual-based models (5, 12) or more simplified stage or age/size-structured (7) population models. Suitable models to study the potential for fisheries-induced evolution include ecological feedbacks resulting in density-and frequencydependent selection that shapes fitness landscapes and ev...

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Direct estimates of gear selectivity from multiple tagging experiments

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Fitness landscape of Atlantic cod shaped by harvest selection and natural selection

Fitness landscape of Atlantic cod shaped by harvest selection and natural selection

Evolution of boldness and life history in response to selective harvesting

Recreational fishing selectively captures individuals with the highest fitness potential

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