Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells with Superior Ethanol-Tolerant Nonprecious Metal Cathode Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Ma, Kyeng-Bae; Kwak, Da-Hee; Han, Sang-Beom; Park, Hyun-Suk; Kim, Do-Hyoung; Won, Ji-Eun; Kwon, Suk-Hui; Kim, Min‐Cheol; Moon, Sangook; Park, Kyung-Won

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b00405

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…[1] Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) serving as classical fuel cells are potential power supply for mobile phones, automobile owing to their superior theoretical power density, inexpensive alcohol fuel, non-toxic to the environment, and rapid start-up under low temperaturez. [2][3][4][5][6][7] The high cost, sluggish kinetics and limited reserve of platinum based electrocatalysts are the main hinder for the development and businesslike applications of DAFCs. [8][9] Therefore, the development of other novel catalysts with high electrocatalytic activity and stability for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) has aroused sustained attentions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on B‐Doped Carbon Nanocage as Electrocatalyst toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Boron-doped carbon nanocage (BC-2) was used as carrier to anchor palladium nanoparticles and enhanced the catalytic performance for the ethanol oxidation reaction. The BC-2 was synthesized via thermal treatment the predesigned compound containing cobalt and boron at 900°C with the help of hydrogen and acid washing process. Palladium nanoparticles can be loaded on the BC-2 supports (Pd/BC-2) for ethanol oxide reaction (EOR). The BC-2 support has the following character-istics: (i) The hollow structure contains highly order nanoporous to offer more channel and space in catalysis process; (ii) borondoped carbon structures can supply abundant activity sites for stabilizing palladium nanoparticles; (iii) the unique three-dimensional architecture can prevent the agglomeration and inactivation of metal catalysts. The Pd/BC-2 catalyst displays higher catalytic activities 3614.11 mA mg À 1 toward the peak current density compared to that of Pd/C (804.39 mA mg À 1 ).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on B‐Doped Carbon Nanocage as Electrocatalyst toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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“…As reported previously [26,29], these results confirm that the catalysts present particular characteristics denoting the existence of two distinct zones: (i) in one case, the presence of segregated metallic-based nanoparticles (10-40 nm) is seen, as confirmed by the dark spots in the images of the higher metal load materials (Fe5.0 and Co5.0), and (ii) a zone containing the metals atomically dispersed over the carbon-nitrogen matrix (Fe0.5 and Co0.5). respectively, clearly indicate that the black spots in Figure 1.1 (b) and (d) for these samples are essentially zero-valent Fe and Co species [30]. In the cases of Fe0.5 and Co0.5, the shift towards higher energy of the edge with respect to that of the metal foil and the large hump peaking at ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the cases of Fe0.5 and Co0.5, the shift towards higher energy of the edge with respect to that of the metal foil and the large hump peaking at ca. 20 eV above the energy of the metal edge is unequivocally evidencing that the Co and Fe atoms are present in oxidized states [24,30,33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Mössbauer spectroscopy, TEM, X-EDS, and XRD analyses [30,33] have been presented in previous studies published by Zitolo et al [33] and Kumar et al [30]. In brief, the important observations previously reported are that the catalysts with 5 wt.% metal contents (M5.0) comprise metallic or metal carbide nanoparticles surrounded by a shell of N-doped graphitic carbon (here referred to as M@N-C), while catalysts with low metal content (M0.5) comprise metal cations that are atomically dispersed in the N-doped carbon matrix and coordinated by nitrogen atoms (here referred to as M-NxCy).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inks for the formation of PGM-free catalyst layers were prepared by dispersing the catalytic powders (10 mg) with a 5 wt.% Nafion solution (50 μL, Sigma-Aldrich), isopropanol (854 μL, Carl Roth), and ultrapure water (372 μL, Millipore, 18.2 MΩ cm), followed by ultrasonic homogenization, as described by Kumar et al [30]. For the benchmark catalyst, the ink was prepared in a similar way, consisting of Pt/C powder (5 mg), 5 wt.% Nafion solution (54 μL), isopropanol (1446 μL), and ultrapure water (3600 μL).…”

Section: Preparation Of Inks and Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eletrocatalisadores metal-N-C: aspectos físicos e químicos na atividade e durabilidade frente à reação de redução do oxigênio

Moraes¹

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Metal-N-C electrocatalysts (where the Metal is Fe or Co) have been investigated for mitigating the dependence on platinum-group-metals (PGM), when catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic or alkaline for fuel cell technologies. This thesis relates the activity, durability and poisoning resistance with the physicochemical properties of such electrocatalysts with iron and cobalt. The investigated materials contain two main active groups: (i) atomicallydispersed metals attached to nitrogen-doped carbon networks (M-NxCy active sites) and (ii) metal nanoparticles encased on nitrogen-doped carbon shells (M@N-C active sites). Regarding the activity, Fe-N-C is more active than the Co-based catalysts, either at low and high pHs. Fe-NxCy sites present the highest ORR activity in acid media, amplified by an adequate energy binding between the metallic center and oxygenated reaction intermediates. In contrast, Fe@N-C core-shell sites present maximum ORR mass activity in alkaline media, promoted by a synergistic effect involving catalyst particles with metallic iron in the core and nitrogen-doped carbon in the shell. The durabilities tests have shown two main degrading processes that may occur on the catalyst: (i) oxygenated and nitrogen functional groups interconversion and/or oxidation and (ii) demetallation of the metallic center. Iron nanoparticulated catalyst centers undergo more severe carbon degradation and nitrogen/oxygenated functional groups interconversion (and/or oxidation) than the atomically dispersed iron centers. But, this latter catalyst losses metal severely, which is re-deposited growing in situ Fe-based nanoparticles after accelerated stressing tests under O2 atmosphere, more at 25 °C than at 60 °C. As a consequence, the atomically dispersed iron-based nanoparticles drop the ORR mass activities less intensely. Further, the atomically dispersed Fe-and Co-containing electrocatalysts have better BH4 −-tolerance than bare Fe and Co nanoparticles. The atomically dispersed iron electrocatalysts, the material with the highest micropores area, present slight advantage of ORR mass activity in the presence of BH4anions. Finally, these features place the atomicallydispersed iron as a promising candidate for the investigations in direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) and as an excellent candidate for application in the cathode of anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC).

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Hollow Loofah‐Like N, O‐Co‐Doped Carbon Tube for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction

Dong

Zhou

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Designing a highly active doped‐carbon‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst with optimal stability is a must if large‐scale implementations of fuel cells are to be realized. Developing controllable doping strategies is essential for achieving highly active catalysts. Herein, a facile doping strategy is developed by designing a precursor material with unique core–shell nanostructure, whereby the Materials Institute Lavoisier (MIL) metal–organic framework (MOF) and polyaniline are core and shell components, and serving as oxygen and nitrogen precursors, respectively. A novel hollow loofah‐like carbon tube (HLCT) catalyst is derived from precursor material with controllable heteroatom‐doping concentrations through modulating the mass ratio of MOF/aniline. The optimal HLCT‐1/2 catalyst, with a MOF/aniline mass ratio of 1/2, exhibits excellent ORR activity and stability in an alkaline medium. Remarkably, the half‐wave potential (0.88 V) and the current density (4.35 mA cm−2) at 0.85 V of HLCT‐1/2 catalyst surpass that of commercial Pt/C. Such superior catalytic properties can be attributed to the high specific surface area and abundant active sites of loofah‐shape carbon tubes. Moreover, the O dopant modulates the content and distribution of N species, leading to the enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen molecules on catalyst surface, promoting the activation of oxygen, and thus achieving higher electrocatalytic activity.

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Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells with Superior Ethanol-Tolerant Nonprecious Metal Cathode Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Cited by 30 publications

References 57 publications

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on B‐Doped Carbon Nanocage as Electrocatalyst toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on B‐Doped Carbon Nanocage as Electrocatalyst toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

Eletrocatalisadores metal-N-C: aspectos físicos e químicos na atividade e durabilidade frente à reação de redução do oxigênio

Hollow Loofah‐Like N, O‐Co‐Doped Carbon Tube for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction

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